Encyclopedia of Islam

1869

¶

  Suez Canal opened.

1870

¶

  Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah appears as 

the Sudanese Mahdi.

1876

¶

  Britain purchases shares of the Suez Canal and 

becomes involved in Egyptian affairs.

1881

¶

  Muhammad Ahmad declares himself Mahdi in 

northern Sudan.

¶

  Death of the first Aga Khan, Ismaili leader in 

India.

1882

¶

  British forces occupy Egypt.

1885

¶

  Death of the Sudanese Mahdi.

1891–92

¶

  Tobacco revolts against British business interests 

in Iran.

1897

¶

  Death of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muslim 

reformer and activist.

1898

¶

  Death of Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Muslim modern-

ist reformer.

¶

  Death of Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the 

Ahmadiyya movement.

1899

¶

  Fall of Mahdist state in the Sudan and its occu-

pation by Anglo-Egyptian troops.

1900–08

¶

  Construction of the Hijaz railway to Mecca as a 

pan-Islamic project.

1901

¶

  Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud captures Riyadh.

---