Encyclopedia of Islam

Chronology

  

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1166

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  Death of Sufi master Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani in 

Baghdad.

1171

¶

  End of the Fatimid dynasty; Salah al-Din founds 

the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt.

1187

¶

  Saladin retakes Jerusalem from crusaders.

1192

¶

  Muhammad of Ghur leads Muslim conquest of 

northern and eastern India.

1193

¶

  Death of Salah ad-Din, Ayyubid sultan.

1198

¶

  Death of Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Andalusian phi-

losopher and jurist.

1199

¶

  Conquest of northern India and Bengal by 

Ghurids.

1203

¶

  Founding of Mongol Empire by Genghis Khan.

1206

¶

  Ghurids establish the Delhi Sultanate in India.

1209

¶

  Death of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, theologian.

1215

¶

  Mongol invasion of the Middle East begins.

1230

¶

  Death of Muin al-Din Chishti, leading Sufi saint 

in India.

1234

¶

  Death of Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi, Sufi 

teacher and founder of the Suhrawardi Sufi 

order.

1240

¶

  Death of Ibn al-Arabi, Sufi philosopher, in 

Damascus.

1250–1519

¶

  Mamluk dynasties rule Egypt and Syria.

1258

¶

  The Mongols sack Baghdad, ending Abbasid 

Caliphate.

1260

¶

  Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt 

at Ayn Jalut in Syria.

1273

¶

  Death of Jalal al-Din Rumi, Sufi poet and 

teacher, in Konya.

1320?

¶

  Death of Yunus Emre, Turkish mystic and 

poet.

1325

¶

  Death of Nizam al-Din Awliya of Delhi, Sufi 

saint of the Chishti order.

1328

¶

  Death of Ibn Taymiyya, Hanbali jurist.

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