Communication barriers

1.3 Barriers to interpersonal communication

Among the barriers to interpersonal communication are:

a barrier of negative emotions, bad mood, perception, speech, attitudes, first impressions, as well as a barrier of mutual understanding. Let us consider in more detail each type of interpersonal communication barriers.
1) Barrier of negative emotions
Emotions are the subjective reactions of a person to the impact of external and internal stimuli. They manifest themselves in feelings of pleasure and displeasure, joy and fear, and so on. The main cause of negative emotions is the feeling of dissatisfaction, interpersonal conflicts and stress.

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  The barrier of negative emotions can be divided into several barriers.
  
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  Communication barrier . Arises on the basis of suffering or even grief. The communication barrier causes a distorted view of reality and incorrect assessments. Very often this is expressed in aggressiveness or in an effort to avoid communication, to withdraw into solitude. It is difficult to overcome the communication barrier caused by strong irritation and anger. These emotions can be the result of deprivation of pleasure, insult, coercion, urge to commit an undesirable act.
  
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  Barrier of fear, shame and guilt . All these complexes of negative emotions are bad conversation variables. The carriers of such qualities should be the objects of the psychiatrist and psychotherapist rather than the subjects of business communication.
  

2) Bad mood barrier
People's mood deteriorates from so many reasons: bad weather and well-being, hopelessness and unfulfilled hopes, callousness of others and their own callousness. A bad mood can be attributed to a low culture of life, its poor organization. A person with a bad mood is a bad employee and an even worse partner in communication.
One of the main sources of negative emotions are interpersonal clashes. Quarrel, conflict cause negative emotions in everyone. To prevent this, it would be most reasonable to refuse the conversation, to offer to reschedule it to another time.
3) Barrier of perception
Every person strives to be understood. But not everyone, with this aspiration, does everything necessary to ensure that the meaning of his speech is clear, the aspiration is distinct, and the goals are justified. In communication, in the misunderstanding that has arisen, both parties are most often to blame. To achieve the maximum effect of communication, it is required to be aware that there are barriers to speech, attitudes, and impressions.
4) Speech barrier
The emotional state of a person significantly affects his speech.
The more a person has mastered the skills of communication and public speaking, the better he controls his emotions. In a conversation with an interlocutor, his emotional mood is immediately guessed. The type of higher nervous activity plays a significant role in how emotions affect speech. A weak nervous system makes it difficult to clearly present the material, the logic of reasoning. Excessive inhibition does not allow flexible response to sudden difficulties in communication. Excessive excitability contributes to haste: the word is ahead of the thought. The less a person controls his emotions, the more often he creates misunderstanding, conflicts in communication, more often he gets into ridiculous situations.
5) Installation barrier
A person's position in communication is largely determined by his entire life experience. Often without starting a conversation, a person is convinced that his interlocutor is wrong. At the heart of such a conversation is an attitude, that is, an assessment or stereotype formed in a person. Psychologists say that every person has an attitude. Its formation is carried out independently of consciousness. Fat people are subconsciously unsympathetic to one person, thin people do not inspire confidence in another. Installation facilitates adaptation to different life circumstances. Once worked out, it represents its own scale of values. Different people have different attitudes.
People with a mobile mindset tend to be active.
Owners of static attitudes are difficult to adapt, uncommunicative. Attitudes create in communication the impression that a person does not have his own opinion, and stable attitudes indicate that the interlocutor's own principles are more precious than any reality.
6) First impression barrier
Communication leads to contact with new people. And although it is said that the first impression is most often closer to the truth, nevertheless it is often erroneous. “Do not judge, so that you will not be judged…” - it is said in the Gospel, and this is the unconditional truth. Before judging, you need to look, listen, evaluate ...
The impression a person makes on his communication partner is of great importance. His manners in communication reveal his status, upbringing, status, culture, and sometimes profession.
Therefore, the first impression of a person can say a lot. And if a negative first impression on all these characteristics is transferred to the subject of discussion, thereby forming a first impression barrier.
7) Barrier of mutual understanding
The main problem of communication is the lack of mutual understanding. Let us single out several basic principles of mutual understanding in communication.

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  Proficiency in a professional language.
  

The principle involves the use of professional vocabulary to describe and explain emerging situations.

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  The level of mutual understanding is directly related to the level of intellectual development of the communicator and the recipient.
  

The principle is conservative. The lack of mutual understanding, given the significant difference in the level of intellectual development of the interlocutors, not only makes communication difficult, but also makes it impossible to achieve a constructive result.

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  The level of mutual understanding is determined by the completeness of information.
  

Complete information can be supplemented by the completeness of the presentation of the material, facts, as well as an open way of presenting one's own position.

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  The effect of mutual understanding is based on the consistency of presentation and the consistency of justification.
  

Understanding what the interlocutor wants to prove follows from how consistently and in detail he sets out his position. You can agree or disagree with her, but this position is understandable.

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  Concentration of attention.
  

To understand, you need not only to listen, but also to hear what the interlocutor says.

Overcoming the barriers of interpersonal communication

In the domestic scientific literature, the idea of the problem of overcoming speech barriers is associated with the name of the scientist B.F. Porshnev.
Consider ways to overcome them.
1) Ways to overcome the barriers of negative emotions.

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  communication barrier
  

There is no rational way of behavior to overcome communication barriers that arise on the basis of negative emotions (anger, ardor, etc.) , which can be offered to everyone without exception, since people have significant hereditary and socially determined variations in the degree of their severity and control.
In the process of communication, motivated anger, ardor, emotional potential, energy and courage, a person's determination can increase many times over. In such a situation, a person is prone to harsh words and aggressive actions. The partner becomes the object on which all the anger is poured out. Business communication with an irritated or angry person is ineffective, and in some cases impossible. Therefore, the way out of such a situation is not a demonstration of weakness, but, on the contrary, courage or even generosity.

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  bad mood barrier
  

Overcoming emotions associated with a bad mood raises the question of whether or not to conduct a dialogue with a person overwhelmed with a negative charge. In this situation, there is a fact that one of the partners is aware of his condition or with the partner. Since a bad mood is often transmitted to the interlocutor, it is impossible to expect an agreement, mutual understanding. Therefore, the way out of this situation is to postpone the conversation or completely refuse to talk.

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  First impression barrier
  

Overcoming the first impression barrier is twofold. This includes such components as the manner of dressing, the manner of expressing one's thoughts, the ability to keep one's posture, non-verbal manifestations. For the communication process to be effective, communication partners need to be aware that appearance does not play an important role. It is important to be able to express your thoughts correctly.
2) Ways to overcome speech barriers

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  Logic barrier
  

To overcome the barrier of speech, it is worth paying attention to the logical barrier. The logical barrier can only be overcome by: “going from a partner”, trying to understand how he built his conclusions.

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  Stylistic barrier
  

To overcome the stylistic barrier, it is based on two methods of structuring information:

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