Chapter Methods and techniques for developing calligraphy skills in primary school students

The relevance of this work is to teach children who have come to the first grade, literacy, i.e. elementary correct and conscious reading and writing, and to further improve these skills.
The subject of the research is the method of teaching writing in the educational process of primary school.
The object of the study is the types of work of teaching writing during lessons in primary schools.
The tasks of our work are as follows:
1. Goals, objectives, and principles of teaching writing.
2. From the history of learning to write.
3. The importance of writing in the history of society's development
4. Methods of teaching writing.
5. Methods of teaching writing.
6. Organizational and hygienic conditions for learning to write.
7. Requirements for the 1st grade writing lesson.
8. Traditional and innovative methods of teaching children beautiful writing.
9. Application of modern pedagogical technologies in writing lessons
In the process of covering this topic in this paper, we used the experience of advanced primary school teachers and their opinions, got acquainted with school textbooks, as well as scientific and methodological manuals, and turned to scientific articles.

Chapter 1. Methods and techniques for developing calligraphy skills in primary school students

1.1.Creating a writing skill
In order to understand how to prepare a child for writing, what you need to focus on, what you should not rush, and why something does not work out or does not work out very well, you need to imagine what the writing process is, how the writing skill is formed,and what skills the child should have for this purpose.
What is the writing process and why is it so difficult for a child?
Writing is a special form of speech in which its elements are fixed on paper by drawing graphic symbols corresponding to the elements of oral speech.
Writing is one of the most complex skills that are formed in the learning process. The most important element of learning to write is the formation of a graphic writing skill, which is accompanied by the formation of spelling skills.
A graphic skill is defined as certain habitual positions and movements of the writing hand that allow you to depict written signs and their connections. A well-formed graphic skill allows you to write letters clearly, beautifully, legibly, and quickly. An incorrectly formed graphic skill creates a complex of difficulties when writing: sloppy, illegible handwriting, slow pace. At the same time, redoing the wrong graphic skill is not only difficult, but sometimes impossible.
At the initial stage of learning to write, children should learn the concept of letters-graphic signs, learn to write all graphic elements correctly, clearly and quickly enough, observing the correct pose, correct hand movements, and the correct trajectory of movements.
Objective difficulties in learning to write can be reduced if the child is properly prepared, taking into account their age capabilities.
What is a writing skill? "A skill is an action formed by repetition, characterized by a high degree of development and the absence of element-by-element conscious regulation and control" (Short Psychological Dictionary).
In the works of psychologists L.S. Vygodsky, P.Ya. Galperina, D.B. Elkonin you can find the answer to the question: how to teach children to write quickly and beautifully? But this problem is still relevant today. How and when to teach your child to write? Which method is most effective? What should pen and paper look like? What should I do if learning to write is difficult? How to prepare your child for writing and teach them to write beautifully and correctly? These and many other similar questions inevitably arise before the teacher and parents. When solving any of them, we should definitely take into account how much the child is prepared, whether it is possible to start learning to write or whether additional preparatory work is needed.
Practice shows that a significant part of children entering the first grade are not prepared for writing, and this creates a complex of difficulties from the very first days of training. Children often have very little experience in performing graphic tasks, drawing, imperfect coordination of hand movements, and a low level of visual-motor coordination, spatial perception, and visual memory. Most students do not hold a pen and pencil correctly, do not know how to sit properly, and do not know how to position paper (notebook). Few people know the basics of sound-letter analysis. All this makes it difficult the formation of writing skills also creates many problems in the learning process.
Scribbles and sloppy handwriting in notebooks are most often not from unwillingness to try, not from inattention and laziness, but from the discrepancy between our requirements and the child's capabilities.
Can I help children avoid serious difficulties in learning to write?
Absolutely, yes. But it should be understood that this largely depends on the level, functional development of the child, is associated with his speech development and health status. Equally important is how and what methodology to use.
Learning to write should take into account the age and functional capabilities of each child.
The purpose of my presentation is to show how to achieve sustainable calligraphy skills in primary school children.