Chapter Methods and techniques for developing calligraphy skills in primary school students

1.5.Stages of skill formation
Hatching
Hatching is the development of muscle memory. This stage determines the success of all training. Children hatch objects that they have drawn or constructed using shaped rulers (stencils) with geometric shapes cut out on them. Task: stroke only in the specified direction, do not go beyond the contours of the drawings, and keep the same distance between the lines (strokes). Children accept conditions quickly and easily, just like in a game. Strokes are worked out: from top to bottom, from bottom to top, from left to right.
Developing tactile memory
A child's concept is formed when a feeling is formed. It is advisable to teach the concept and image of the letter through the sense of touch. This is done like this. Letters are pasted on the cardboard. The letters are made of velvet paper. Feeling the letter, the child says to himself the entire path of the finger. The game "Guess the letter" is often used: children, closing their eyes, find the beginning of the letter and call it.
Next stage – drawing parallel lines. It is the parallelism of all the strokes that gives the letter (handwriting) clarity, accuracy, and makes the letter easier to understand and read. It should be noted that non-parallelism of strokes is the most common manifestation of handwriting disorders. Before learning to write letters, you must teach your child to write vertical, horizontal, and sloping lines in parallel.
Then comes the stage – Poluovalov's letter top and bottom, right and left with different directions of movement. To perform semi-ovals, you should pay attention to the position of the hand, and especially to the correct support of the hand (only on the little finger).
You should pay attention to the difference between ovals and circles when performing them and the child's ability to mentally fit an oval into a rectangle. At this stage, the following graphic tasks are effective and quite feasible: spin the spiral – spin the spiral. When performing these tasks, you need to ask the child to hold his hand freely (on the weight, without relying on the little finger, which will allow you to feel new options for free hand movements when manipulating a pencil or pen.
This stage of preparation already brings the child closer to writing as such. Writing letters is associated with fairly strict restrictions on the height and width of each graphic element, and when learning, children write on lined sheets. So you need to explain what a string is, and how. elements are located where the middle of the line is, where the top line of the working line is, and where the bottom line is.
Of course, it is easier to draw and write just vertical lines than to place them on a line, observing a certain height, length (width). If children have already learned how to start a movement at a certain point, they need to learn how to finish it just as accurately. This is a new task, so you should explain, show, and clarify whether the student has understood what they need to know.
The last stage of preparing for a message – mastering writing elements of written letters.
In order to correctly explain how to write graphics files. elements (letters), it is important to take into account some rules:
1. Explain how the graphic element is written – at what point the movement begins, the direction of movement, the change in trajectory, and the end of movement.
2. The explanation should not contain any incomplete or unfamiliar words.
3.In addition to a verbal explanation, you need to show the movement.
4. Slow motion "under dictation".
5. Repeat the instructions.
6. Perform the action independently.
Analysis of the psychophysiological features of the formation of writing skills shows that writing, perceived from the outside as a whole and coherent, is actually a sequence of discrete operations. And only when the skill is formed, the execution of all links in this chain occurs automatically, without awareness, without directed control. However, if the initial training stage is designed in such a way that something is not performed, something is performed incorrectly, etc., then the subsequent training will fix the incorrect performance and the results will be unsatisfactory.