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4
In Vroom's expectancy theory, the lower the values of valence and expectancy, the higher the 
motivation. True or false? 
5
According to Herzberg, leadership style is a motivator factor. True or false? 
6
A 'horizontal' extension of the job to increase task variety is called: 
A Job 
evaluation C Job 
enlargement 
B 
Job enrichment 
D 
Job rotation 
 
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CHAPTER 15
//
MOTIVATING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 
 
395 
1
Positive Self
reinforcement actualisation 
Encouraging a certain type of behaviour by rewarding it 

Personal growth and fulfilment of potential 

2
D 
Cultural needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes physiological needs, safety needs, 
love/social needs, esteem needs and self actualisation. 
3
False. This is an incentive.
4
False. Motivation would be lower. F= V × E so the lower that V and E are, the lower F (motivation) is. 
5
False. It is a hygiene factor. 
6
C
Make sure you can define all the other terms as well. 
 
Now try ... 
Attempt the questions below from the 
Practice Question Bank 
Q75 
Q76 
Q77 
Q78 
Q79 
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PART D: LEADING AND MANAGING INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS 
 
396
 
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397 
C H A P T E R 
TOPIC LIST 
SYLLABUS 
REFERENCE 
1 The learning process 
D6 (a),(b)
2 Development and training 
D6 (d)–(f)
3 Training needs and objectives 
D6 (d)
4 Training 
methods 
D6 (d)
5 Responsibility for training and development 
D6 (c)
6 Evaluating 
training 
programmes 
D6 (d)
7 Development 
D6 (e)
Training and
development
The development of people to meet current – and 
changing – job demands is a key leadership task. 
In