Boymirzayeva Zarina Usmanovna Functional semantic analysis of idioms in expressing different relationships in English Language



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Boymirzayeva Zarina

1.
 
Idioms that occurred as a result of historical events
2.
 
Idioms that occurred in connection with some cultural phenomena; 
3.
 
Idioms that developed with the development of the language


Idioms that occurred as a result of historical events
Many idiomatic expressions came to the English language both due to the 
peculiarities of life and due to significant historical events of the state level. Some 
phraseological units are considered so apt and successful that they are still used 
today. Idioms like 
"to fall in love"
are so often used in speech that they are no 
longer considered phraseological units.
 
Many idioms are based on expressions that 
once had a literal meaning. For example, 
"to let your hair down" 
- behave at 
ease, relax. The expression comes from centuries when women wore tall complex 
hairstyles. It was very difficult to create and maintain such a hairstyle during the 
day. And in the evening you could finally loosen your hair and relax. 

Break a 
leg
” 
(Russian analogue 
“ни пуха ни пера ”
) - used as a wish of success and good 
luck. This expression first appeared in print in the 1900s. Folklore of different 
countries has always warned that wishes for success and good luck can bring the 
opposite: if you want success, then, tempting demons, you can bring trouble to a 
person. Therefore, you need to want failure or something bad [4]. The idiom "a hot 
potato" came to English relatively recently. Its appearance is associated with the 
popularity of potatoes as a product in general and in particular baked potatoes. 
Holding hot potatoes in your hands is unpleasant and even painful. Hence the 
analogy: an unpleasant question or a situation that I want to quickly solve - like hot 
potatoes, which I want to quickly release from my hands. To bring home the bacon 
- make a living or support a family on your own. This idiom has two interesting 
versions of origin. According to the first version, a strange competition with a 
piglet was held at English fairs: a pig crushed with fat had to be caught, and the 
winner took the trophy - "brought home bacon. The second version is more 
romantic: a long time ago a woman from Danomow in Essex came up with a very 
dubious event: a couple had to live in peace and harmony for one year and one day
and those who managed to get a large piece of bacon as a prize. This competition is 
still held to this day [7]. Expression to go Dutch (ext. go Dutch) are used when 
they want to report that the bill (usually in a restaurant) is divided equally between 
all people at the table. The idiom is associated with military time and the sharp 


dislike of the British for the Dutch. So, the inhabitants of Holland were considered 
greedy people who always calculate who and how much should pay for a joint 
meal, they did not pay for their friends.

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