Amea folklor institutu

Список использованной литературы:

1. 
   Кавказ в русской поэзии: Сборник Составитель В.А.Бойченко. (1986) Ростов: Издательство Ростовского университета, 176 с.
   
2. 
   Aгиль Гаджиев. Кавказ в русской литературе первой половины Х!Х века. (1982) Баку: Язычы.
   
3. 
   «Советский юг» (1922) (Ростов-на-Дону), 19 января.
   

dali kandelaki
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, Tsu humanitarul
mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesori
ekaterine raisneri
- germaniis saelCos TanamSromeli
teodor horseltis cnobebi kavkasiis Sesaxeb
Theodor Horschelt about Caucasus
Dali Kandelaki
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Faculty of Humanities,
Tbilisi State University
Ekaterine Raissner
Employee of German Embassy
The diaries of German artist Theodor Horschelt (1829 – 1871), published after his death, is an important source for studying the Caucasian history.
T.Horschelt arrived in the Caucasus in 1858. In Tbilisi he visited General Aleksandr Baryatinskiy, enlisted for his headquarters and participated in many military expeditions together with Russians; in particular, in battles against Lezgian, Chechen and Adyghe people. The Tsarist Russia has more than once decorated him with various orders for his bravery. In 1861 T. Horschelt was invited to join the suit of Alexander II, the Emperor of Russia, for journey to the Caucasus and Crimea. After this expedition she returned to Tbilisi. On 10^th of September 1862 he started for a 21-days’ trip to Baku and Yerevan under the invitation of Prince Albert of Prussia.
After returning to homeland T. Horschelt described his Caucasian impressions in his diaries and created wonderful pieces of fine art, which are the most important sources for the study of the history of this region.
1880 wels miunxenSi gamoica wigni „Teodor horSelti. misi cxovreba da misi nawarmoebebi. espaneTi, alJiri, kavkasia“ (2), romelic kavkasiis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens. wignis Semdgenelia iozef alberti*. wignSi gamoqveynebulia Teodor horSeltis biografia, romlis avtoria doqtori h. holandi. am mecnierma ramdenjerme gamosca naSromebi Teodor horSeltis Sesaxeb (3, 4).
Teodor horSeltis Canawerebi kavkasiis Sesaxeb saTanadod araa Seswavlili. gamoqveynebul naSromebSi (1, 5) yuradReba gamaxvilebulia misi, rogorc mxatvris Semoqmedebaze.
T. horSelti (1829 - 1871) cnobili baletmeisteris fridrix horSeltis ojaxSi daibada. xatvis Seswavla man bavSvobidanve daiwyo, jer kerZo gakveTilebs iRebda, xolo Semdeg (1847 – 1848 w.w.) akademiaSi miiRo ganaTleba. mas jer kidev axalgazrdobaSi izidavda kavkasia, regionSi mimdinare procesebi. mas surda ruseTis mier kavkasieli xalxis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli omis TviTmxilveli da monawile yofiliyo.
1858 wels T. horSelts auxda didi xnis ocneba. is kavkasiisken miunxenSi ruseTis elCis graf fon severinis mowveviT da sarekomendacio weriliT aRWurvili Tavad aleqsandre bariatinskisTan** gamoemarTa. TbilisSi is estumra generals, Caewera mis StabSi da 1863 wlamde rusebTan erTad monawileobda mravalricxovan samxedro eqspediciebSi; kerZod, lekebis, CeCnebisa da Cerqezebis winaaRmdeg warmoebul brZolebSi. gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis ruseTis imperatorma is araerTxel daajildova sxvadasxva jildoebiT.
T. horSelti ruseTis imperator aleqsandre meores piradad icnobda. is axlda eqvskvirian mogzaurobaSi (1861 wlis seqtember - oqtomberi) kavkasiasa da yirimSi. 1862 wlis 10 seqtembridan ki 21 dRis ganmavlobaSi Teodor horSeltma baqoSi da erevanSi prusiis princ albertTan erTad imogzaura.
T. horSeltma samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg kavkasiaSi nanaxi da gancdili ara mxolod tiloze gadaitana da mxatvrobis brwyinvale nimuSebi Seqmna, aramed dagvitova saintereso Canawerebi, romlebic am regionis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis umniSvnelovanes pirvelwyaroebs warmoadgenen.
wignis meore da mesame TavebSi - „kavkasia“ - vecnobiT germaneli mxatvris monaTxrobsa da kavkasiidan germaniaSi gagzavnil werilebs. is detalurad aRwers mogzaurobis marSrutebs, bunebas, dasaxlebul punqtebs, adamianebs, brZolis epizodebs, generlebTan da sxva samxedro pirebTan Sexvedrebs da a.S.
Teodor horSelti 1858 wlis 12 seqtembers Camovida TbilisSi. garkveuli periodi cxovrobda saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi da aqedan awyobda gasvlebs kavkasiis sxvadasxva regionSi.
T. horSeltma kavkasiis mefisnacvlisgan, Tavad bariatinskisgan miiRo sarekomendacio werili da misTvis gamoyofili kazakebis TanxlebiT 1859 wlis 2 ianvars, TavadTan gatarebuli axali wlis Ramis mere datova Tbilisi da gaemarTa CeCneTSi general evdakimovis samxedro SenaerTisaken. eqspedicia Cavida vladikavkazSi, saidanac gaemarTnen CeCneTSi. SenaerTma gaiara is CeCnuri aulebi, romlebic rusebis mier ukve wlebis win iqna dapyrobili da damorCilebuli. mxatvari aseve aRwers kazakebis stanicebs, Tavad kazakebs, maT simamacesa da moqnilobas.
T. horSelti mogviTxrobs, rom alxaniurtis (Alchanjourt) gavliT Cadis qalaq groznaiaSi, xolo iqidan ocdaaTi verstis daSorebiT dabanakebul general evdakimovis nawilSi mdinare basTan (Bass). generalma auli tauzeni (Tausen), romelic mdinaridan 12 verstis daSorebiT mdebareobs, cota xniT adre moxerxebulad da danakargebis gareSe aiRo. germaneli mxatvari aRniSnavs, rom am punqtidan iyo dagegmili Seteva vedenoze (Weddin), Samilis rezidenciaze (3, 92).
T. horSelti yveba Samilis rezidenciaze, aul darRoze, 1845 wels (Dargo) ganxorcielebul Setevas, romlis drosac Tavadma mixeil voroncovma danakargebis gareSe aiRo auli, daangria is, magram ukana gzaze tyeSi Casafrebuli mtris gamo dakarga sami generali da samiaTasi jariskaci; xolo Samilma dargo droulad datova da vedenoSi gamagrda.
germaneli mxatvari aRniSnavs qarTveli Tavadi qalis - ana WavWavaZis (daviT WavWavaZis meuRle) bavSvebiTurT vedenoSi, SamilTan tyveobis faqts, rom xuTi wlis win rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi datyvevebuli hyavda da SemdgomSi, 1855 wlis 10 marts Samilis SvilSi, jemal-edinSi, gacvales.
T. horSelti saubrobs rusi generlis evdokimovis Sesaxeb, rogorc Zalian ganaTlebul da Wkvian pirovnebaze, romelmac jarebis winsvlis sxva sistema SeimuSava: jarebi nabij-nabij miiweven win, garSemo tyeebs Cexaven, cixe-simagreebs aSeneben da gzebi gayavT.
mxatvari yveba 1859 wlis 14 Tebervals ramdenime jaSuSis mier mitanili informaciis Taobaze: Samils yuranze fici daudia, vedenos sicocxlis bolo wuTamde davicavo. TavisTvis Zvirfasi TeTri samosi Seukerinebia, romelSic unda movkvdeo, aseve yvela Tavis miuridisTvis fici CamourTmevia, rom sikvdilamde masTan darCebiano.
horSelti aRwers, Tu rogor miiwevs win rusis jari, rogor wvalebiT gadaaqvT zarbaznebi da iaraRi jariskacebs da rogor uaxlovdebian vedenos, romelic Samilis momxreebis mier aris gamagrebuli da saidanac rusebs esvrian da miaxloebis saSualebas ar aZleven. rusebi vedenos win mdebare aulSi banakdebian. horSelti axsenebs Tavad ivane orbelians, romelTan erTadac aulis erT-erT saxlSi binavdeba da vedenos uTvalTvalebs.
T. horSelti dawvrilebiT aRwers Sturms vedenoze da aRniSnavs, rom Samilis momxreebi sastik winaaRmdegobas uweven rusebs da simaRleebidan isvrian. vedenos adgilmdebareobas mxatvari Semdegnairad aRwers: "mTis Suidan vedenis mdebareoba axla zustad Canda. marTalia arc ise cicabo mTaze mdebareobda, magram meore mxridan iseTi miudgomeli iyo, TiTqos kldis platoze yofiliyos ganlagebuli, radgan mdinare xulxulu aulis ukan sam nawilad iyofoda, romelTagan misi ori nawili, Rrma xevs rom qmnida, vedins cicabo napirian kunZulad aqcevda, romelic TiTqos mxolod didi miwaSi Casmuli WiSkris siaxloves mdebare viwro gadasasvleliT iyo dakavSirebuli kontinentTan. aulis garSemo aSenebuli iyo safuZvliani gamagrebebi damcavi kalaTebiTa da CastokolebiT. garda amisa, Samilis saxli da mis garSemo mdebare saxlebi misi ojaxisa da dacvisaTvis Semofargluli iyo didi oTxkuTxedi meseriT“ (3, 97).
T. horSelti agrZelebs Txrobas, rom rusebis jari dReebis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda aulis aRebas, magram uSedegod. Semdeg rusebs mouvidaT cnoba, rom Samilma vedeno datova da aulis dacva Tavis Svil Razi muhameds (Chasi Mahomed) Caabarao. 23 Tebervals rusebi ikaveben vedenos garSemo mdebare simaRleebs, magram damatebiTi Zalebisa da iaraRis miuxedavad aprilamde mainc ver iReben auls. mxolod 2 aprilis vedenodan gagzavnil werilSi atyobinebs horSelti Tavis mSoblebs, rom vedeno SturmiT aiRes da generali sami kvira apirebs daasvenos jari, raTa Semdeg savaraudod darRoze gailaSqron.
amis Semdeg mxatvari groznaiaSi (Groznaja) brundeba da mSoblebs wers: “vedenos aRebam aq, mTels kavkasiaSi, furori moaxdina, radgan mTis xalxebi darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom saxlSi gasisxlianebuli TavebiT davbrundebodiT. es rom momxdariyo, maSin mTeli CeCneTi isev fexze dadgeboda da wlebis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli warmatebebi wyalSi Caiyreboda “(3, 104).
horSelti TbilisSi brundeba da 24 aprils daweril werilSi siamayiT ityobineba, rom vrevskis meTaurobiT warmoebul lekur eqspediciaSi monawileobisaTvis mas wminda stanislavis mesame xarisxis ordeni mianiWes. sixaruliT Seityo Tavad bariatinskisgan, rom ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi darRoze galaSqreba igegmeba daRestnidan: “es Tu gamovida, rac metad savaraudoa, maSin marcxena flangze mcxovrebi mTis yvela xalxi TavianT Tavisuflebas daemSvidobeba” (3, 104).
1859 wlis ivnisis mamisadmi miweril werilSi horSelti ityibineba, rom 4-5 dReSi eqspediciaSi midis. mxatvari fasanauris, kobis, larsis gavliT isev vladikavkazSi Cadis, mere nazranSi, iqidan groznaiaSi da 16 ivliss ukve vedenodan, romelmac amasobaSi yovelgvari mniSvneloba dakarga, ocdaaTi verstis moSorebiT dabanakebul jaris nawilSia. igi aRwers sxvadasxva dasaxlebuli punqtebis aRebas da 1 agvistos ityobineba imis Sesaxeb, rom Samili miudgomel gunibSia gamagrebuli.
horSelti agrZelebs Txrobas, rom kavkasiis mefisnacvlis, Tavad bariatinskis meTaurobiT vedenos gavliT daRestani dalaSqres da andalalSi (Andalal) mdgar general vranglis (Wrangl) nawilisaken gaemarTnen, raTa Semdgom gunibi daelaSqraT.
mxatvari mogviTxrobs, rom Seteva gunibze yvela mxridan daiwyebula. marTalia Znelad misadgomi mTa iyo, magram rusebma yvela mxridan alya Semoartyes. Samili aul gunibSi gamagrda, mis win misi momxreebi sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen rusebs, jer yvirodnen, vnebdebiTo da jariskacebi axlos rom midiodnen, xocavdnen. mxolod meoTxe Setevis Semdeg SeZles rusebma mtris ganadgureba. auls ise Semoartyes alya, rom iqidan veravin gaipareboda. Samili rogorc iqna mixvda, rom sxva gamosavali ar hqonda da miuridi gaagzavna rusebTan mosalaparakeblad. bariatinskis aranairi pirobebis gagoneba ar surda da Samilis gamogzavnil kacs dapirda, rom Samils, romelic darwmunebuli iyo, rom gamoCenisTanave moklavdnen, xels aravin axlebda. naxevari saaTis Semdeg gamoCnda Samili, romelsac aqeT-iqiT edgnen Tavisi vaJebi da daaxloebiT ormoci miuridi. aulis siaxloves idga generali vrangli, romelic Samils daxvda da rodesac Samili cxenidan Camovida, mas miuTiTa, rom Tanmxleb pirebs unda dascileboda da marto xleboda Tavads. misi marto datoveba ar undodaT, magram sabolood mxolod megobar ianusis TanxlebiT Samilma jer cxeniT, xolo bolo 50 metri fexiT gaiara da odnav amaRlebul adgilze mjdom bariatinskisTan mivida, TiTi misken gaiSvira da ikiTxa: “es aris namestnikio?”
horSelti ase aRwers Samils: “Samili saSualoze maRali tanis, gamxdari kacia da Tavisi 63 wlisa da mZime cxovrebis miuxedavad jer kidev sruliad gamarTuli dadis. saxe gansakuTrebulad natifi ar aqvs, magram didi, muq wiTlad SeRebili wveri, aq rom TiTqmis yvelgan wesia, sqeli warbebi da didi TeTri tiurbani, romelic lamazad aqvs Semoxveuli bewvis qudze – es yvelaferi warmosadeg suraTs qmnis. mas Savi Cerqezka ecva da mwvane Sida kaba. misTvis xanjlis da dambaCis CamorTmeva undodaT, magram Tavadma bariatinskim pativi dasdo da ufleba misca, rom SeiaraRebuli xleboda” (3, 111).
mxatvari aRniSnavs rom kaci, romelic ase didxans SiSis zars scemda yvelas, axla sagrZnoblad SeSinebuli idga, iqiT-aqeT acecebda Tvalebs da odnav kankalebda kidec. jer kidev bolomde ar esmoda, rom patimari iyo da pirobebze saubari undoda, razec bariatinskis upasuxia, rom sami dRis win mas saukeTeso pirobebi SeuTavazebia, SeeZlo sacxovreblad wasuliyo, sadac undoda, axla ki pirobebze laparakic ki zedmeti iyo da mas peterburgSi, imperatorTan Caiyvandnen.
gunibis aRebis meore dRes mxatvarma Samilis Svilebi da colebic naxa. Razi muhameds aRwers, rogorc arafrismTqmeli Sesaxedaobis 23 wlis, maRal, sruliad uwvero da avadmyofuri Sesaxedaobis axalgazrdas. misi 18 wlis Zmas, mohamed Serifs (muhamed Safi – d.k.) ki masze sruliad ususuri arsebis STabeWdileba mouxdenia, romelsac sqeli wiTeli saxe, sqeli farTo gverdebi hqonia. is Zalian neli yofila da mis am moZraobebSi sizarmace SeimCneoda. horSelti gaocebulia, rom am adamians daRestanSi don Juanis reputacia aqvso.
horSelti dasZens: „es yvelaferi meorexarisxovania. mebrZolebis simamace, maTi veluri, mouTokavi Sesaxedaoba, maTi soflebi da kldeebi, maTi boboqari mdinareebi, maTi Tqmulebebi da istoriebi, amaSia poezia. da marTalia, bevri ram, axlodan danaxuli, uferuldeba, kavkasia mainc saocrebaTa qveyanad rCeba“ (3,112).
1859 wlis 28 seqtembris werilidan vigebT, rom horSelti isev TbilisSia da man Samilis oTxi araCveulebrivi portreti daxata. aseve dauxatavs Samilis Svilis Razi muhamedis portreti, romelTanac damegobrebula.
Tbilisidan 1859 wlis 30 oqtombris gagzavnil werilSi horSelti peterburgSi Casul Samilze aseT istorias yveba: “rodesac iq erT-erT generals misTvis rCevebi miucia, ra unda gaekeTebina ukeT, rogor unda gamagrebuliyo, Samils upasuxia: “marTalia, magram ufalma ase inebao.” rodesac generali wasula, Samils Tavisi TarjimnisTvis ukiTxavs, am generals maRali, mniSvnelovani pozicia Tu ukaviao, razec dasturi miuRia. “samwuxaroa, rom gunibis aRebas ar xelmZRvanelobda, Torem savaraudod aq peterburgSi ar viqnebodio” - uTqvams Samils” (3,112).
1859 wlis noembris werilSi mxatvari wers, rom is vedenoze da gunibze ganxorcielebuli operaciisaTvis wminda anas ordeniT daajildoves (3,113).
Tbilisidan 1859 wlis 10 dekembers gagzavnil werilSi horSelti aRwers, Tu rogor daxata Samilis Sexvedra TavadTan da rogor moswonebia es naxati Tavads. mxatvari gegmavs, rom ramdenime kviraSi gaemgzavreba marjvena flangze zamTris eqspediciaSi da savaraudod Semodgomaze an zamTris dasawyisisTvis saxlSi dabrundeba.
1860 wlis ianvarSi horSelti ukve vladikavkazSia da eqspediciaSi gamgzavrebis win graf orlov-davidovTan cxovrobs. mxatvari varaudobs, rom es eqspedicia SedarebiT wynarad Caivlis, radgan kavkasiis xalxebi erTmaneTis miyolebiT nebdebian da mxolod Sapzuxebi uweven rusebs kidev winaaRmdegobas, romlebic sxva xalxebis mxardaWeris gareSe didxans ver gaZlebeno.
horSelti kmayofilebas gamoTqvams, rom karg dros Camovida kavkasiaSi da SesaZlebloba hqonda, jer kidev namdvili omi enaxa(1,114).
1860 wlis 29 Tebervals mxatvari piatigorskidan agzavnis werils, romelSic wers, rom marcxena flangze dasrulebuli omis gamo imperators misTvis specialuri medali uboZebia, romlis erT mxares imperatoris saxeli, meore mxares ki wlebi – 1857, 58, 59 da sityvebi “CeCneTis da daRestnis dapyrobisaTvis” weria (3, 115).
horSelti Semdeg periodSi gagzavnil werilebSi aRwers kavkasiis mkvidr mosaxleobasTan warmoebul brZolebs, maT lamaz aulebs da nayofier miwebs; Tumca dasZens, rom adgilobrivebi ukve did winaaRmdegobas veRar uweven rusebs da ZiriTadad toveben aulebs; Semdeg garSemo mdebare tyeebidan esvrian da did zarals ver ayeneben jars. 7 ivnisis werilSi horSelti aRwers mdinare bSebSis (Bschebsch) siaxloves, sadac cixe-simagre unda aSenebuliyo, warmoebul brZolebs adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan, romelsac didi msxverpli mohyva. gansakuTrebuli simpatiiTaa ganwyobili, misi erT-erTi saukeTeso nacnobis saqarTvelos mefeTa gvaris warmomadgenlis, Tavad gruzinskis*** mimarT, romelic am brZolaSi daRupula. Tavadi yvelaze win gaWrila Sapsuxebis winaaRmdeg warmoebul brZolaSi da am dros tyvia pirdapir gulSi moxvedria. “daWrili varo” - uTqvams, ramdenime nabijic gauvlia, magram iqve dacemula mkvdari: “aseTi lamazi adamianiAarasodes minaxavs. namdvili qarTveli iyo, saocrad Zlieri. amaSi davrwmundi, rodesac ramdenime dRiT adre did sazogadoebaSi balaxze vWidaobdiT. mas araferi daukargavs, Cven – ki, amaze ufro lamazi sikvdili xom ar arsebobs: yvelas uyvarda, sruliad axalgazrda, 21 wlis, sabrZolo velze daeca da maSinve mokvda – meti adamians ra unda“ (3, 124).
eqspedicia mdinare bSefSis gaswvriv gagrZelebula. aulebis aRebisas mxatvari dawvrilebiT aRwers sabrZolo moqmedebebs, Semdeg soflebis gaZarcvas. igi SeniSnavs, rom aRebuli soflebis ZaRlebi maSinve rusi jariskacebis erTgulebi da TaTrebis dauZinebeli mtrebi xdebian, rasac imiT xsnis, rom mahmadianebi ZaRlebs, rogorc uwmindur cxovelebs arasodes hkideben xels, xolo jariskacebi maT evropuli maneriT eferebian da xels usvamen. Semdeg aRwerilia, Tu rogor midian jariskacebi erT-erTi aulisaken saqonlis wamosayvanad. mcireodeni brZolis Semdeg rusebis nadavls wamoadgens 457 suli saqoneli, xolo 17 auli gadamwvaria. ase kavkasielebis winaaRmdeg brZolebiT aRwevs mxatvari yubanamde da gzadagza werilebs wers mSoblebs. 1862 wlis 10 seqtembris werilSi horSelti yveba, rom TbilisSi princi alberti, prusiis axlandeli mefis Zma, Casula, romelmac mxatvars masTan erTad erevansa da baqoSi gamgzavreba SesTavaza. am SeTavazebas horSelti siamovnebiT daTanxmebula.
1862 wlis 8 oqtombers horSelti isev TbilisSia. mxatvari aRniSnavs, rom baqo sakmaod saintereso qalaqia, sadac sparsuli arqiteqturis Zeglebis saintereso Canaxatebis gakeTeba aris SesaZlebeli, magram princs bevri dro ar hqonia da amitom erTi RirsSesaniSnaobidan meorisken miiCqarodnen, unaxavT maradiuli cecxli da misi Tayvanismcemeli indoelebi, romlebic ase xangrZlivad aq cxovrebis gamo iqauri TaTrebs damsgavsebian. dRenaxevris Semdeg maT baqo dautovebiaT da erevnisken gamgzavrebulan.
horSelti aRniSnavs, rom erevani erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso qalaqia, rac unaxavs. rogorc misi monaTxrobidan vigebT, amindic xelsayreli yofila da ori dRe sruliad Tavisufali xedi hqoniaT araratze. werilis bolos dasZens, rom princi quTaisSi miemgzavreba, imereTsa da samegreloSi samogzaurod.
1863 wlis 27 ianvars mxatvari ukve peterburgidan gzavnis werils germaniaSi da mokle xanSi samSobloSi miemgzavreba.
Teodor horSeltma samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg Seqmna mravali namuSevari, romlebSic, uwinares yovlisa, asaxa kavkasiaSi mimdinare saomari moqmedebebi. Mmas dagegmili hqonda kavkasiaSi dabruneba, magram veRar moaxerxa. 1870 wels mxatvari gaemgzavra mokle droiT strasburgSi, 1871 wlis 3 aprils ki difteriiT gardaicvala miunxenSi (1, 37).
„CeCneTisa da daRestnis dampyrobi“ - ase SegviZlia vuwodoT germaniidan 1858 wels kavkasieli xalxis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad Camosul axalgazrda mxatvars - Teodor horSelts, romlis CanawerebSi Tu naxatebSi udidesi adgili kavkasiuri omis masalas ukavia. mxatvris aseTi yuradReba imdroindeli kavkasiisadmi SemTxveviTi araa. evropa me-19 saukunis dasawyisidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iCenda am regionisadmi. dasavleTis presaSi uxvad ibeWdeboda statiebi da korespondenciebi kavkasiaSi mimdinare procesebis Sesaxeb. sainteresoa, ratom ibrZoda ase Tavdauzogavad es ucxotomeli Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli kavkasieli xalxis winaaRmdeg? misi viziti rom mxolod mxatvris mogzauroba ar iyo, naTlad Cans misi Canawerebidan da werilebidan. man kavkasiidan waiRo uamravi eTnografiuli masala - samosi, iSviaTi iaraRi, romlebic TviT kavkasiasa da sparseTSi raritetebs warmoadgenda, Canaxatebi, eskizebi. samSobloSi dabrunebuli mxatvari, energiulad Seudga naxatebis xatvas da araerTi gamofena moawyo evropis did qalaqebSi. misi naxatebi da Canawerebi umniSvnelovanes wyaros warmoadgens kavkasiis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis.