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Exercise 39. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /au/ and /ıә/.

/au/	/ıә/	/au/ - /ıә/
gown clown lout mount doubt	seer here dear fear steer	now - near wow - weir how - here

Exercise 40. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /au/ and /ıә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/au/		/ıә/		/au/ - /ıә/
gown clown lout mount doubt		seer here dear fear steer		now - near wow - weir how - here

Exercise 41. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /au/ and /eә/.

/au/	/eә/	/au/ - /eә/
cow down brown town found	flare glare snare mare spare	cow - care wow - where

Exercise 42. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /au/ and /eә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/au/		/eә/		/au/ - /eә/
cow down brown town found		flare glare snare mare spare		cow - care wow - where

Exercise 43. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /au/ and /uә/.

/au/	/uә/	/au/ - /uә/
now bow how crowning fowl	truer fuel cure pure jure	fowl - fuel cow - cure

Exercise 44. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /au/ and /uә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/au/		/uә/		/au/ - /uә/
now bow how crown fowl		truer fuel cure pure jure		fowl - fuel cow - cure

Exercise 45. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /әu/ and /ıә/.

/әu/	/ıә/	/әu/ - /ıә/
pole mole mode hole node	tear here fear sneer deer	no - near compo - compeer [4, 54]

Exercise 46. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /әu/ and /ıә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/әu/		/ıә/		/әu/ and /ıә/
pole mole mode hole node		tear here fear sneer deer		no - near compo - compeer [4, 54]

Exercise 47. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /әu/ and /eә/.

/әu/	/eә/	/әu/ - /eә/
lope hope coat dote note	bear share vary dare care	row - rare show - share

Exercise 48. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /әu/ and /eә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/әu/		/eә/		/әu/ - /eә/
lope hope coat dote note		bear share vary dare care		row - rare show - share

Exercise 49. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /әu/ and /uә/.

/әu/	/uә/	/әu/ - /uә/
pole noble home soul vote	moor fuel inure lure mature	dole - duel “po-” - pure

Exercise 50. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /әu/ and /uә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/әu/		/uә/		/әu/ - /uә/
pole noble home soul vote		moor fuel inure lure mature		dole - duel “po-” - pure

Exercise 51. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /ıә/ and /eә/.

/ıә/	/eә/	/ıә/ - /eә/
near peer seer rear jeer	mare hare glare dare bare	here - hare beer - bear dear - dare

Exercise 52. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /ıә/ and /eә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/ıә/		/eә/		/ıә/ - /eә/
near peer seer rear jeer		mare hare glare dare bare		here - hare beer - bear dear - dare

Exercise 53. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /ıә/ and /uә/.

/ıә/	/uә/	/ıә/ - /uә/
here beer deer leer mere	lure fuel cure pure sewer	peer - pure leer - lure seer - sewer

Exercise 54. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /ıә/ and /uә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/ıә/		/uә/		/ıә/ - /uә/
here beer deer leer mere		lure fuel cure pure sewer		peer - pure leer - lure seer - sewer

Exercise 55. Compare the pronunciation of the diphthongs /eә/ and /uә/.

/eә/	/uә/	/eә/ - /uә/
fare share chair blare rare	moor azure sewer jure lure	care - cure pair - pure mayor - moor

Exercise 56. Transcribe the words including the diphthongs /eә/ and /uә/.

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Word pairs	Transcription
/eә/		/uә/		/eә/ - /uә/
fare share chair blare rare		moor azure sewer jure lure		care - cure pair - pure mayor - moor

5.2 Listen and practice the pronunciation of the diphthongs.

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation of the diphthong /eı/. Listen and circle the words with a different sound [5, 13].

Example: black, want, mad, hand, make

1. sad, bag, salt, tap.

2. far, fat, map, add

3. watch, catch, match, land

4. rain, said, fail, train

5. case, lake, name, care

6. space, change, plate, square

7. break, grate, heat, weight.

Exercise 2. Practice the pronunciation of the diphthong /eә/. Complete this conversation using the words in the box. Then listen and check [5, 37].

cars cares stars stairs

- ее, - eer, - ier, - mental, - esque, - ette, - ese, - itis, - ivel, - ade 131

Words with Primary and Secondary Stress 132

Words with Two Primary Stresses 132

SlD: No, not , ! You know, little lights in the sky.

JOE: Oh, ! 1 thought you said _________ that people walk up!

Follow up: play the recording again, pausing the recording after each of Sid`s lines. You say Joy`s lines before listening to him saying them.
Exercise 3. Practice the pronunciation of the diphthongs /ɔı/ and /au/. Listen to the text. Find the words from it which have an /ɔı/ or /au/ sound and write them in the correct part of the table [5, 49].

Text	/ɔı/ (4 words)	/au/ (6 words)
I enjoy living down town. Well, its very noisy, of course. The traffic is loud, and the young people often shout when they come out of the clubs. But there are lots of good points too. There’s a big choice of shops, and it`s easy to get around.

Lesson 8

Neutral sound (SCHWA /Ə /)

Lead in

A. Read the words in a box and underline the first vowel letter. Compare the pronunciation of the first letters of the words in each line.

architect, about echo, example

art, and (weak form ) opt, of (weak form )

B. Discuss and guess the reason of the different pronunciation of the same letter in the initial position of the words given in the task A.
Task 1. Study the strong positions of vowel sounds.

English vowel sounds may be actualized in strong and weak positions in speech. When the vowel is under stress, it is called a strong position. If a vowel is unstressed, it is called a weak position. In most cases English vowels lose their quality and quantity features in a weak position.

Task 2. Study what a neutral sound is.

When the English vowels are in unstressed position, they lose their quality and quantity features and turn into weak sound /ə/. This weak sound is called a neutral sound. The neutral sound /ə/ is also called schwa. In majority of cases all English vowels turn into the neutral sound /ə/ in unstressed syllables. The pronunciation of the neutral sound /ə/ is not stable. And that`s why it has many variants depending on the phonetic context [4, 50].

Task 3. Study the pronunciation of a neutral sound /ə/.

The neutral sound /ə/ is pronounced with the central part of the tongue raised a little, but less than for /з:/. The lips are neutral. The opening between jaws is narrow [1, 55].

Listen and study the pronunciation of the vowel sound /ə/ [5, 22].
Task 4. Do the following exercises: