Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети

A. Read the following words and underline the voiced consonants:

pot, bed, get, fall, zoo, what, that, raw, ever, slow, nor, gym, check, mum, thin, pleasure, show, hang, sell, bell, tell, call, doll, wall, girl, zed, fast, meter, worker.

B. Write the words which you underlined in the task A in the correct part of the table.

Labial:	Lingual:	Pharyngeal:

Task 1. Study what a voiced consonant is.

English consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless according to the presence or absence of voice during their articulation. If the vocal cords are brought together and vibrate, it supplies the presence of voice during the articulation and the consonants produced in this way are called voiced consonants.

Task 2. Study the pronunciation of a voiced consonant /b/ and /d/.

The consonant /b/ is pronounced with the lips pressed together. Thus a complete obstruction is formed so that the air-passage through the mouth cavity is blocked for a short time. Then the lips are quickly opened and the air escapes with position [1, 25].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /b/ [5, 14].

The consonant /d/ is pronounced with the tip of the tongue pressed against the alveolar ridge. Thus contact is formed so that the air-passage through the mouth is blocked for a short time. Then the tip of the tongue is quickly removed from the alveolar ridge and the air escapes with plosion [1, 26].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /d/ [5, 18].
Task 3. Study the pronunciation of a voiced consonant /g/ and /v/.

The consonant /g/ is pronounced with the back of the tongue pressed against the soft palate. Thus contact is formed so that the air-passage through the mouth is completely blocked for a short time. Then the back of the tongue is quickly removed from the soft palate and the air escapes with plosion [1, 27].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /g/ [5, 26].

The consonant /v/ is pronounced with the lower lip raised to the edge of the upper teeth, forming a flat narrowing. The air passes through it with friction [1, 33].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /v/ [5, 24].
Task 4. Study the pronunciation of a voiced consonant /z/ and /ð/.

The consonant /z/ is pronounced with the tip and blade of the tongue held close to the alveolar ridge. The sides of the blade of the tongue are raised. Thus a round narrowing is formed through which the air passes with friction [1, 35].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /z/ [5, 16].

The consonant /ð/ is pronounced with the tip of the tongue slightly projected out between the upper and lower teeth. The tip of the tongue is placed against the edge of the upper teeth to form a flat narrowing, the main part of the tongue being fairly flat and relaxed, while the air passes through the narrowing with friction [1, 33].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /ð/ [5, 42].
Task 5. Study the pronunciation of a voiced consonant /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/.

The consonant /m/ is pronounced with the lips slightly pressed together, forming a complete obstruction to the air flow through the mouth cavity. The soft palate is lowered and the air passes out through the nasal cavity [1, 30].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /m/ [5, 38].

The consonant /n/ is pronounced with the tongue tip touching the alveolar ridge, forming a complete obstruction to the air flow through the mouth cavity. The soft palate is lowered. The air passes out through the nasal cavity[1, 31].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /n/ [5, 38].

The consonant /ŋ/ is pronounced with the back of the tongue raised and touching the soft palate, thus forming a complete obstruction to the air flow through the mouth cavity. The soft palate is lowered and the air passes out through the nasal cavity [1, 31].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /ŋ/ [5, 38].
Task 6. Study the pronunciation of a voiced consonant /ʤ/ and /ʒ/.

The consonant /ʤ/ is pronounced with the tip and blade of the tongue raised to touch the back part of the alveolar ridge. Then contact is made so as to block the air-passage through the mouth cavity for a short time. Then the front of the tongue is raised in the direction of the hard palate, and the tip of the tongue is slowly removed from the alveolar ridge, forming a flat narrowing through which the air passes with friction [1, 29].

Listen and practice the pronunciation of the consonant /ʤ/ [5, 32].

The consonant /ʒ/ is pronounced with the tip and blade of the tongue and the front of the tongue simultaneously raised. The air passes through the narrowing with friction. The lips are rounded and slightly protruded [1, 35].

Task 7. Do the following exercises: