Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /p/ and /t/.

/p/	/t/	/p/ - /t/
pea pin pig pot petrol	ton ten tan tell tall	pea - bee ton - pun pin - tin perm - term pill - bill

Exercise 2. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
pea pin pig pot petrol		ton ten tan tell tall		pea - bee ton - pun pin - tin perm - term pill - bill

Exercise 3. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /k/ and /f/.

/k/	/f/	/k/ - /f/
cat kick call corn code	fat fen fun fall feel	kill - fill cat - fat call - fall cold - fold cocks - fox

Exercise 4. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
cat kick call corn code		fat fen fun fall feel		kill - fill cat - fat call - fall cold - fold cocks - fox

Exercise 5. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /s/ and /θ/.

/s/	/θ/	/s/ - /θ/
son sell sick smell salad	thin thick both mouth thank	sin - thin pass - path sick – thick thong - song

Exercise 6. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
son sell sick smell salad		thin thick both mouth thank		sin - thin pass - path sick – thick thong - song

Exercise 7. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /h/ and /j/.

/h/	/j/	/h/ - /j/
hen hot hat hall home	yet yard yacht yellow yogurt	hen - yen hot - yacht hard - yard horn - yawn

Exercise 8. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
hen hot hat hall home		yet yard yacht yellow yogurt		hen - yen hot - yacht hard - yard horn - yawn

Exercise 9. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /w/ and /r/.

/w/	/r/	/w/ - /r/
wall well when what warm	rat red rock ream read	wet - ret wed - red went - rent wham - ram

Exercise 10. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
wall well when what warm		rat red rock ream read		wet - ret wed - red went - rent wham - ram

Exercise 11. Practice the pronunciation of the voiceless consonants /ʧ/ and /ʃ/.

/ʧ/	/ʃ/	/ʧ/ - /ʃ/
chat child check cheater chicken	shot shut show short shallow	chat - shat ditch - dish catch - cash chock - shock chatter - shatter

Exercise 12. Transcribe the following words:

Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription	Words	Trans cription
chat child check cheater chicken		shot shut show short shallow		chat - shat ditch - dish catch - cash chock - shock chatter - shatter

Task 9. Listen and practice the pronunciation of the voiced and voiceless consonants.

Exercise 1. First read this conversation to the end. and then write the letter ‘b’ or ‘p’ in each gap. Listen and check your answers [5, 15].
SlD: Where are the P_ ears?

JOE: ___ears?!!! Did you say ____ears?

SlD: No, ___ears, you know, fruit!

JOE: Oh, I see, ____ears with a P! They’re in the ____ack.

SlD: What, in the ___ack of the truck?

JOE: No, in the ___ack, you know, with a P!

SlD: Oh, I see, ___ack with a P! Would you like one?

JOE: No, 1`11 have a ___each, please.

SlD: A beach?!!!

Exercise 2. Listen to the sentences. Look at the words in italics. Underline the words in italics which contain the sound /s/ and circle the ones which contain the sound /z/. Then listen again and repeat [5, 17].
Example: You can have my tent. It’s no use to me. I never use it.

1. I am not going to advise you. You never take my advice.

2. Your tooth is loose. You’ll lose it if you’re not careful.

3. The shop’s very close to home, and it doesn’t close till late.

4. Г can’t excuse people who drop litter. There’s no excuse for it.

Exercise 3. Listen to and repeat these pairs of words. Then put them into the sentences below and listen and repeat the sentences [5, 19].

build / built wide / white weighed / weight

heard / hurt down / town dry / try send / sent
Example: Last year, Tom weighed more than Sam, but now they both have the same weight.

1. It wasn’t ______________ in a day; it takes ages to ____________ cathedral like that.

2. 
   When you’re out in the mountains, you have to ___________ to stay __________ .
   
3. 
   He it to the wrong address, so he had to ______________ another copy.
   
4. 
   It ______________ my ears when I ______________that noise.
   
5. 
   The ____________ sofa is too ____________to go through that door.
   
6. 
   We went _____________ the hill and into the _______________ .
   

Exercise 4. Complete this conversation using words from the box. Then listen and check [5, 25].

fan van wife’s wives

SlD: My wife`s left me.

JOE: Your _______ left you? How many __________ did you have, Sid?

SlD: One wife. And now she has left me.

JOE: Oh, I see, _______ with an F, not _______ with a V!

SlD: That’s right! Yes, she took the ________ and drove off.

JOE: What did she want the ___________ for?

SlD: I said _________, you know, a kind of vehicle.

JOE: Oh, I see: _________ with a V, not ________ with an F!

Follow up: Play the recording again, pausing after each of Sid's lines.

You say Joe’s lines before listening to him saying them.

Exercise 5. Complete this conversation using words from the box. Then listen and check [5, 27].

lock log Loch

SlD: Hey, there’s the monster!

Joe: That’s just a .

SlD: Yes, it’s Ness.

Joe: No, not , I mean you know, from a tree!

SlD: I’ve never seen a tree with a __________ .

JOE: No, not a that you open with a key; a with a G!

Follow up: Play the recording again, pausing it after each of Sid's lines.

You say Joe's lines before listening to him saying them.

Exercise 6. Complete this conversation using words from the box. Then listen and check [5, 33].

ships chips Jeep cheap

SlD: It’s fish and for lunch, Joe!

Joe: !? I can’t eat , they’re too big!

SlD: I said _______, you know, fried potatoes!

JOE: Oh, I see, with a CH, not with an SH.

SlD: That’s right. You’re a genius, Joe!

JOE: Was the fish expensive, Sid?

SlD: No, it was _________ .

JOE: _________!? You bought a ____________?

SlD: No, __________ , the opposite of expensive.

JOE: Oh, I see, _______ with a CH, not ________ with a J!

Follow up: Play the recording again, pausing it after each of Sid's lines. You say Joe's lines before listening to him saying them.
Lesson 12

Pronunciation rules of consonants

Lead in

A. Read the following words and underline the consonant letters which are pronounced with different sounds depending on the phonetic context or the letters which are not pronounced.

‘b’: bed, ball, bag, big, but ‘c’: cat, city, coat, centre, culture ‘d’: dad, dark, doll, doubt, dare ‘f’: fat, feel, fall, farm, foolish ‘g’: gym, game, gentle, got, give ‘h’: hen, hour, hot, honour, home ‘j’ : Jack, January, jab, judge, jealous ‘k’: keep, keen, kin, kilo, kept ‘l’: lamp, lean, lemon, lemonade, love ‘m’: meet, mum, mad, machine, ma

‘n’: not, net, number, naughty, nanny ‘p’: pick, pot, pat, police, please ‘q’: quarter, quarrel, quack, quail ‘r’: read, red, rat, ream, recorder ‘s’: seem, is, salad, please, sound ‘t’: ten, tall, tablet, table, team ‘v’: vet, vocal, voice, vegetable ‘w’: what, when, wet, warm, worry ‘x’: fox, box, exam, maximum, exist ‘z’: zoo, zebra, zeal, zone, zany

B. Read the examples given to the consonant letters ‘c’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘s’, ‘x’ in the task A once more and try to guess the reason for the different pronunciation of the same letter in those words.
Task 1. Study the reading rules of English consonant letters.

When we read the letters, we will pronounce them obeying their reading rules. According to their reading rules majority of English consonant letters are pronounced with one sound. For example, the letter ‘b’ is pronounced with the sound /b/. In the same way the letters ‘d’, ‘f’, ‘j’, ‘k’, ‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ‘t’, ‘v’, ‘w’, ‘z’ are pronounced with the sounds /d/, /f/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /k/, /r/, /t/, /v/, /w/, /z/. But some consonant letters are pronounced differently depending on the phonetic context. They are ‘c’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘s’, ‘x’.

Task 2. Study the reading rules of English consonant letter ‘c’.

The consonant letter ‘c’ is pronounced as /s/ before the vowels ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘y’: center, city, cycle. The consonant letter ‘c’ is pronounced as /k/ before the vowels ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘u’: cab, coach, cub. The consonant letter ‘c’ is pronounced as /k/ before the consonant or at the end of a word: across, sac.

Task 3. Study reading rules of English consonant letter ‘g’.

The consonant letter ‘g’ is pronounced as /g/ before the vowels ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘u’: gate, got, guard. The consonant letter ‘c’ is pronounced as /ʤ/ before the vowels ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘y’: gentle, giant, gym. The consonant letter ‘g’ is pronounced as /g/ before the consonant or at the end of a word: grab, bag.

Task 4. Study reading rules of English consonant letter ‘s’.

The consonant letter ‘s’ is pronounced as /s/ in the initial position of a word or after the voiceless consonants: sent, sick, lips, hooks. The consonant letter ‘s’ is pronounced as /z/ if it comes in the post position after vowels or it comes between the vowels: is, as, nasal, please, houses.

Task 5. Study reading rules of English consonant letter ‘x’.

The consonant letter ‘x’ is usually pronounced as /ks/: fox, box, next. The consonant letter ‘x’ is pronounced as /gz/ when it comes before the stressed vowels: exist, exam.

Task 6. Study reading rules of English consonant letter ‘h’.

The consonant letter ‘h’ is usually pronounced as /h/: hen, had, help. There are some exceptions: honour, hour, honest.

Task 7. Study reading rules of English consonant letter combination ‘th’.

The consonant letter combination ‘th’ is pronounced as /ð/:

1. 
   In some pronounces and in the definite article: this, that, these, those, they, the.
   
2. 
   Between the vowels: mother, father, brother.
   
3. 
   In plural nouns in which it comes after the long vowels: paths, baths.
   

The consonant letter combination ‘th’ is pronounced as /θ/:

1. 
   In the notional words: path, thick, thin, tooth, bath, south.
   
2. 
   In plural nouns in which it comes after the short vowels: depths, months.
   

Task 8. Study reading rules of English consonant letter combinations ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘ck’, ‘dge’, ‘kn’, ‘ng’, ‘ph’, ‘pn’.

The consonant letter combination ‘ch’ is usually pronounced as /ʧ/: teacher, chat, chocolate. In some words it is pronounced as /ʃ/: moustache, machine. The consonant letter combination ‘ch’ is pronounced as /k/ in the words borrowed from Latin: epoch, mechanic, chemist.

The consonant letter combination ‘sh’ is pronounced as /ʃ/: sheep, shop, shout.

The consonant letter combination ‘ck’ is pronounced as /k/: back, check, lack.

The consonant letter combination ‘dge’ is pronounced as /ʤ/: bridge, knowledge.

The consonant letter combination ‘kn’ is pronounced as /n/: know, knife.

The consonant letter combination ‘ng’ is pronounced as /ŋ/: long, sing, song.

The consonant letter combination ‘ph’ is pronounced as /f/: phonetics, photo.

The consonant letter combination ‘pn’ is pronounced as /n/: pneumonia, pneumatic.
Task 9. Study reading rules of English consonant letter combinations ‘wh’, ‘wr’, ‘qu’, ‘gue’, ‘gu’, ‘ss’, ‘tion’, ‘sion’, ‘sure’, ‘ture’, ‘cial’, ‘cious’.

The consonant letter combination ‘wh’ is usually pronounced as /w/: what, when, where, why, while, whale. But it is pronounced as /h/ when it comes before the vowel ‘o’: whom, who, whose.

The consonant letter combination ‘wr’ is pronounced as /r/: wrap, wrack, write.

The consonant letter combination ‘qu’ is pronounced as /kw/ in the initial position of a word: quiet, quick, question. It is pronounced as /k/ in the medial or post position of a word: liquor, antique, conquer.

The consonant letter combination ‘gu’ is pronounced as /g/: guest, guide, guard.

The consonant letter combination ‘gue’ is pronounced as /g/ in the words borrowed from Latin: epilogue, monologue, dialogue.

The consonant letter combination ‘ss’ is pronounced as /s/: lesson, message, grass.

The consonant letter combination ‘tion’ is pronounced as /ʃn/: station, dictation, translation.

The consonant letter combination ‘sion’ is pronounced as /ʃn/: mission, tension, version. It is pronounced as /ʒn/ in some words: television, decision.

The consonant letter combination ‘sure’ is pronounced as /ʒә/: measure, pleasure, leisure.

The consonant letter combination ‘ture’ is pronounced as /ʧә/: pasture, picture, nature.

The consonant letter combination ‘cial’ is pronounced as /ʃl/: special.

The consonant letter combination ‘cious’ is pronounced as /ʃәs/: delicious.
Note: The mentioned reading rules of English consonant letters are regarded as general rules. There are some exceptions to these reading rules. To be sure if the pronunciation of a consonant letter in a certain word is correct, it is better to use a good dictionary, such as Oxford Advanced learner`s dictionary of current English, Cambridge Advanced learner`s dictionary.

Task 10. Do the following exercises: