«zamonaviy lingvistika» fanidan «types and classification of speech acts»

locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.
Locutionary acts
A locutionary act is the basic production of an utterance, comprising all of its verbal, social, and rhetorical meanings. Locutionary acts can be broken into two main types: utterance acts and propositional acts.
Utterance acts can be any form of sound and do not necessarily have to be intelligible. In contrast, propositional acts must express a definable point. For example, a grunt would be an utterance act and a statement would be a propositional act. Propositional acts typically refer to the literal meaning of the speech act.
e.g. Charly sees a spider and says, 'Eurgh, I hate spiders'. Here is an example of a propositional act. The literal meaning is that Charly does not like spiders.
Illocutionary acts
An illocutionary act is the active result of the implied meaning from the locutionary act. For example, the listener makes sense of what is being said to them and can then apply any implied meaning to the utterance. Charly sees a spider and says, 'Eurgh, I hate spiders'.
As an illocutionary act, the listener can infer that Charly hates spiders and probably does not want this one near her.
Perlocutionary acts
A perlocutionary act is the effect the locutionary and illocutionary acts have on the listener. A perlocutionary act can influence others to change their behavior or their thoughts and feelings. Perlocutionary acts are sometimes referred to as a perlocutionary effect or perlocutionary force. Think of the effect of a speech act 'forcing' you to change your behavior in some way. Charly sees a spider and says, 'Eurgh, I hate spiders'.
Based on the previous implied understanding that Charly probably doesn't want the spider near her, the listener may get up and remove the spider.
Become a successful communicator, the individuals behoove can be understand how the different utterance forms can be vehicles of distinct communicative intentions. Among that the things which a communicators need to mastery so as may one correctly map an utterance onto intended the interpretation at least the following: firstly, the linguistic resources required to assign syntactic and semantic structures to utterances; secondly, an advanced met representational device handling by the attribution of mental states; thirdly, a systemic of social concepts involving status, authority, etc.; finally, a set of higher-order representations specifying how linguistic forms are appropriately used in specific contexts. From the research results, the researchers can mention and describe some conclusion. The conclusion of discussion results are as follows:
(1) there are five categorizes on speech acts pragmatically such as representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations.
(2) For the result, Beauty and the Beast short story classified into 4 types of speech act classifications, such as Directives, Representatives, Declarations, and Commissives. The most classification type found in the speech act is Directives (50%). The classification ty b pe unfound in the speech act is Expressives.