|
Lang
Usage
|
V e r b t y p e s
|
Finite
|
Non-finite
|
Infinitive
|
Participle I
|
Participle II
|
Gerund
|
Рaviшdош adverbial participal/прiчaстie
|
|
English
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
|
Uzbek
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
|
Russian
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
-
|
+
|
In this connection the Uzbek and Russian languages have certain isomorphic features represented by the fact that the participle I and II can always be substantivized, where as in English only some participles II can be substantivized (the sacked, the unemployed (participle I can never be substantivized).
Besides that Uzbek and Russian participles I and II can be used both in singular and plural forms, where as in English neither the participle I nor the participle II can have plural forms. For example:
Ухлаётганлар уйғонишди.
Those who are sleeping awoke.
Спящие проснулись.
Калтакланганлар келтирилди.
Those who had been beaten were brought.
Избитые были приведены.
The substantivization of the participle I and the participle II gives possibilities of expressing different syntactical functions which are not pecular to their English counterparts.
QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC:
Why is the verb called a primary part of speech in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian.
What are the thee main features of the verb by which it may be characterized?
What structural types of the verb in the compared languages do you find?
What syntactical functions does the verb have in the sentence in the compared languages?
What is the total number of grammatical categories of the verb in the languages compared?
Why is the number of the categories of the verb different in the compared languages?
What common grammatical categories out of eight( person, gender, number, tense, voice, mood, aspect and order) does the verb have in the languages compared? .
What isomorphic features does the verb have in the compared languages?
What allomorphic features does the verb have in the compared languages?
LECTURE 5 (2 hours)
THEME: COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ADJECTIVE, ADVERB AND NUMERAL IN MODERN ENGLISH AND UZBEK AND RUSSIAN
Plan:
Adjective as a part of speech in ME, and MU/MR
Structural types of adjectives in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian
Semantic types of adjectives in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian
Substantivized adjectives in English and Uzbek/Russian
Grammatical categories of the adjective in English and Uzbek/Russian
The adverb as notional part of speech (meaning, form, function).
The structural and semantic type of adverbs.
The syntactical functions of the adverb(problem of substantivization of adverbs( (Nowhere means smth negative. Somewhere is indefinite Everywhere does not suit you)
The grammatical category of degree the adverb ( synthetic, analytical and suppletive ways of forming the degree).
The grammatical homonymy of adverbs and adjectives( fast – fast, late –late, hard –hard, adverbs and modal words (like certainly-certainly, possibly-possibly, obviously- obviously (compare also: untimely, monthly, nightly news, weekly, yearly, etc. are adjectives, but in “We work nightly” the last word is an adverb).
The adverb and its partial substantivization (in such cases as “from here, up to now, since then( when)” when preceded by prepositions.
Disputable nature of word groups of the type “put down, put on, bring up, come in, set up, turn on, turn off, etc.
Numerals in the compared languages
Isomorphic and allomorphic features of adjective, adverb and numerals in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian.
Conclusion..
Key words: adjective as a primary, notional part of speech, three main criteria to characterize the adjective, form, meaning, function of adjectives, structural types of adjectives: simple, derivative, composite( compound, complex) adjectives, semantic types of adjectives(qualitative, quantitative, relative adjectives, substantivation of adjectives and adjectivization of nouns, , grammatical category of degree comparison, elative use of adjectives, substantivized adjective, substantivized adjectives of the singularia tantum, substantivized adjectives of the pluralia tantum, and grammatical category of number substantivized adjectives( The captives, the captives’, the fugitives, the fugitive’s, the fugitives’, etc.; adverb as notional part of speech(meaning, form, function). structural and semantic type of adjectives, syntactical functions of the adverb, grammatical category of degree, synthetic, analytical and suppletive ways of forming the degree of comparison, grammatical homonymy of adverbs and adjectives, adjectives with “-ly”, substantivization of adverbs in cases like: from nowhere, from everywhere, “from here, up to now, since then( when)”, He has nowhere to go, etc.; problem of treating the final element of the word groups of the type: “put down, put on, bring up, come in, set up, turn on, turn off”, etc, as “postpositions”,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
