Xxi-asrda islom postmodern dunyoda qiblani topish

Transtsendentalizm [nem. transzendental < lot. trānscēndere o‘tish, chegaradan tashqariga chiqish] - Amerikada 1830-60-yillarda vujudga kelgan falsafiy-adabiy harakat. Harakatning nomi va bir qancha g‘oyalari I.Kantning "transtsendental idealizm"idan, shuningdek, F.Shelling asarlaridan olingan. Trantsendentalizm romantizm nuqtai nazaridan ma'rifiy sensualizm va zamonaviy tamaddunni tanqid qilgan. Asosiy g‘oyalari: insonni «vulgar-materialistik" manfaatlardan tozalovchi tabiatga yaqinlik, ma'naviy kamolotga erishish, mikrokosm orqali makrokosmni intuitiv tarzda idrok qilish. - Tarj.

Henri Kaoust, Essai sur les doctrines sociales et politiques de Taki-d-Din Ahmad b. Taimiya (Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1939), 522-527.

Masalan, Saudiya Arabistonida ta'lim olgan Muhammad Said al-Qahtaaniyning Al-Wala' wa'lBara' According to the Aqeedah of the Salaf (New Delhi: Islamic Call, 1998) asariga qarang.

Mahmud A. Faksh, The Future of Islam in the Middle East: Fundamentalism in Egypt, Algeria and Saudi Arabia (Westport CT and London: Praeger, 1997), 52.

http://sunnah.org/articles/muslims_in_nonmuslim_lands.htm

György Lederer, ‘Islam in Lithuania', Central Asian Survey 14/iii (1995), 425-48; P. Borawski,

‘Religious tolerance and the Tatar population in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 16^th to 18^th century', Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 9 (1988), 119-133; B. Szajkowski, ‘The Muslim minority in Poland', in S. Vertovec and C. Peach (eds), Islam in Europe: the politics of religion and community (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997), 91-100.

419. 
     P.D. Buell, ‘Saiyid Ajall (1211-1279)', in E. de Rachewiltz, Hok-lam Chan, Hsiao Ch'i-ch'ing, and P.W. Geier (eds), In the service of the Khan: eminent personalities of the early Mongol-Yüan period (1200-1300). (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1993), pp.466-79.
     
420. 
     Masalan, (mahalliy madaniyatlarga moslashish vositasi sifatida mahalliy ijmo uchun), Gustav von Grunebaum, ‘The Problem: Unity in Diversity', in Gustav von Grunebaum (ed.), Unity and variety
     

in Muslim civilization (Chicago and London: , 1955), 31; «bizdan oldin kelganlarning vahiy orqali nozil bo‘lgan qonunlari uchun», Muhammad Hashim Kamali, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 229-234.

419.