Who? kim? vawhat? nima? so‘- rog‘iga javob bo‘luvchi so‘zlar turkumi ot deyiladi: a man, an engineer, a house

Countable nouns
1. Ingliz tilida otlarning ko‘pligi ularga -sqo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi. map — maps hand — hands
-s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh harfl ari bilan tugagan otlarga -es qo‘shimchasi
qo‘shiladi va [ız] deb o‘qiladi:
bus-buses, class — classes, box — boxes, dish — dishes, inch — inches
2. O harfi bilan tugagan so‘zlarga –es qo‘shiladi:
cargo — cargoes — yuk tomato — tomatoes — pomidor
hero — heroes — qahramon potato — potatoes — kartoshka
negro --- negroes –qora tanli odam volcano – volcanoes vo`lqon tosh

3. Lekin qolgan barcha oxiri O harfi bilan tugagn so‘zlarga –s qo‘shiladi:

Piano — pianos — pianino photo — photos — fotografi ya


4. -f, -fe bilan tugagan otlarga –es, -s qo‘shiladi va f harfi v ga aylanadi:
leaf — leaves — yaproq
knife — knives — pichoq
wolf — wolves — bo‘ri
wife — wives — xotin
scarf— scarves — sharflar
self— selves — o`zlik olmoshi
shelf— shelves — javon
Ammo qolgan otlar-s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shilganda o‘zgarmaydi:
chief — chiefs — boshliq roof — roofs — tom safe — safes — seyf

5. Otlar oxiridagi -y harfidan oldin undosh harf kelsa ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi –es qo‘shilganda –y harfi -i ga aylanadi:

army — armies
company — companies
city — cities
factory — factories

-y bilan tugagan bir bo‘g‘inli so‘zlarga -s qo‘shilganda u o‘zgar - maydi:
day — days boy — boys toy — toys key — keys
6. Ba’zi otlarning ko‘pligi, qo‘shimcha qo‘shilmasdan, o‘zagidan o‘zgaradi:
man — men — erkak woman — women — ayol goose — geese — g‘oz
foot — feet — oyoq tooth — teeth — tish mouse — mice — sichqon
louse— lice — bit ox — oxen — ho‘kiz child — children — bola


7. sheep— qo‘y, fish — baliq, deer —bug`u, aircraft — samalyot, spacecraft — kosmik kema, hovercraft — yostiqli kemaotlari birlik va ko‘plikda bir xil shaklga ega:
This farm has a great number of sheep. Bu fermaning qo‘ylari ko‘p.
I caught two fish. Men ikkita baliq tutdim.
Ammo baliq turlari haqida gapirganimizda fishning ko‘pligifishes bo‘ladi:
In this lake there are fishes of many varities.
One hovercraft was approaching the port.
Ba`zi otlar oxirgi harfi — S bilan tuganligiga qaramasdan bilrlik va ko`plikda ham bir-xil yoziladi.
Crossroads — chorraxaMeans — vositaSeries — ko`p qismli dasturSpecies — tur, navWorks — zavod
A car is a means of transport. Cars are a means of transport.

8. 
   Grek va lotin tilidan kirib kelgan so‘zlarning ko‘pligi quyidagicha yasaladi:
   

datum[deitam] berilgan kattalik data [deita]
addendum[a’dendam] qo‘shimcha addenda [a`denda]
erratum[i’reitam] xato errata [i’reita]
memorandum[mema’randam]memorandum memoranda[mema`randa]
phenomenon[fi ’nominan]ko‘rinish phenomina [fi nomina]
basis[beisis] asos bases [beisi:z]
crises[kraisis] inqiroz crises [kraisi:z]
penny— pens otining ikkita ko‘pligi bor:
pence— pul birligi ma’nosida;
pennies — tangalar, chaqalar ma’nosida


Uncountable nouns
Donalab sanalmaydigan otlar - moddiy va mavhum otlar faqat birlikda ishlatiladi, ularning ko‘plik shakli yo‘q:

1. 
   Many types of food(ovqat turlari): flour-un, yoghurt-yogurt, butter-sariq tog`, meat-gusht, cheese-pishloq, spaghetti-spageti, rice-guruch, sugar-shakar,
   
2. 
   Liquids(suyuqliklar) coffee-kofe, lemonade-lemonad, oil-neft, petrol-yoqilg`I, wine-vino, water-suv
   
3. 
   Materials (xom-ashyo) crystal-billur tosh, wood-yog`och, plastic-plastik idish, silver-kumush, china-chinni idish, glass-shisha
   
4. 
   Abstract nouns (mavhum otlar) knowledge-bilim, beauty-chiroy, justice-adolat, help-yordam, freedom-ozodlik, education-ta`lim, love-sevgi…
   
5. 
   Others (va boshqalar) research-tadqiqot, luggage-yuk, baggage-yuk, hair-soch, weather-ob-havo, behavior-xulq, advice-maslahat, news-yangilik, accommodation-turar joy, information-ma`lumot, fun-hursandchilik, equipment-jihoz, litter-ahlat, rubbish-chiqindi, furniture-mebel, crockery-loydan yasalgan idish, cutlery-qoshiq vilka, jewellery-taqinchoq, machinery-mashinasozlik, money-pul.
   

Quyidagi so`zlarni donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ishlatib ularning qiymatini chiqaramiz.

A piece of – bir bo`lak
A glass of - bir stakan
A rasher of – dudlangan cho`chqa gusht
A packet of – bir paket
A loaf of – bir buxanka
A slice of – bir tilim
A pot of – choynak, xumcha
A cup of – bir chashka
A kilo of – bir kg
A tube of – tyubik idish
A bar of- bufet
A can of – konserva idish
A carton of – kichik qog`oz idish
A bowl of – bir kosa