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PRACTICAL LESSON 17
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Topic: Essential elements of teaching foreign languages
Duration: 80 min
Objectives:
to show Ss the value of using English when giving instructions in class
to explore the characteristics of effective instructions
to give Ss a range of English expressions which could be used in lessons
Lead-in
Time: 10 min
►Procedure:
(10 min) Ask Ss the following questions and elicit answers after each question:
Do you think it's important to use English in class as much as possible? Why/Why not?
~ When the teacher uses English, students understand that the classroom is an English-speaking environment and thus are encouraged to use the language themselves.
~ If the teacher uses English most of the time, students practise listening and when they respond they very often go beyond ‘textbook English’, thereby using English for communication.
Activity 1 Giving instructions
Objective: to help Ss explore the characteristics of good instructions and practise giving them
Time: 35 min
Materials: handouts
►Procedure:
Say that most teachers use English a lot when giving instructions during classes. Say that this activity will be about giving effective instructions. Ask Ss to read very carefully to the explanation below.
Ask Ss the following questions:
Which of the instructions is easier to understand? Why?
What did the instruction ask you to do?
Was it easy to understand? Why / Why not?
a beautiful dish
So, um, I'm gonna do a beautiful dish. I've got some water on, spaghetti, and what I want to do istake about half of that, about two portions' worth, and give it a little twist. Drop it in here, lovely. Maybe a little bit more for luck. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna make meatballs, right, the quickest meatballs. I'm gonna make meatballs in the time it takes that pasta to cook.I've got some fantastic sausages. These are from the butcher and look at them, I mean they're pretty amazing. All you have to do is get a pan hot, which that is, have a nice drizzle of olive oil, right, and get your sausage and literally pinch it, and pull it out, drop. Pinch it, pull it out, drop. Dead simple.Now sauce, tomato sauce. I've got the quickest, most delicious tomato sauce, so what you do – slice up a couple of cloves of garlic. I want to use basil, basil – tomato's best friend there's no debate there, stalk I want, the big old leaves, let's chop 'em up. Stalks, nothing wrong with those, don't you dare throw 'em away, waste of money, loads of flavour in there. And put the garlic and the basil stalks into the pan. That'll start frying.Nice and golden. Garlic's going. Basil leaves, and then in with some good tinned tomatoes, pour the juice in, get the actual tomatoes in your hand, scrunch them, through your finger. All I want to do is bring them to the boil. A little bit more salt, and a bit more pepper. And then what I want to do is I've got some golden oregano – you could use normal green oregano, thyme, even rosemary, just take it off, in with the meatballs, they'll crispen up, they'll look lovely. Oregano, meat, pork, lovely. The sausages are cooked through, the pasta's now nicely cooked, I'm not gonna put it with my tomato sauce, I want to do it sort of slightly more Italian in the sense of tossing it with the meat and all the lovely juice and all of that sort of stuff, great in there. And then to serve it, all I'm gonna do is take a nice wad of my pasta. I'm gonna get my lovely tomato sauce in the middle. And then don't forget your meatballs. And then just finish it with a few lovely little basil leaves, and, and that is a superb dinner – ten minutes.
Read out the second explanation.
HOW TO MAKE A HARD BOILED EGG
1. Take a raw egg and wash it in cold water.
2. Take a metal mug.
3. Put the washed egg into the mug.
4. Pour cold water into the mug to cover the egg.
5. Put the mug with the egg onto the flame.
6. Boil it for 8-10 minutes.
7. Switch off the flame.
8. Put the mug with the egg under cold water to cool the egg off.
9. Peel the shell.
10. Enjoy your egg.
Suggested answers:
Instructions should be:
clear
short
in logical order
in imperative sentences
Establish that a teacher should use simple language while giving instructions i.e. familiar
words and short sentences in the imperative mood. Say that in order to make communication in English lessons successful classroom instructions should be understandable.
Activity 2 Teacher talk
Objective: to help participants come up with classroom expressions which teachers frequently use
Time: 25 min
Materials: Handout
►Procedure:
Say that teachers use English to check attendance, to start or stop an activity, to set homework, to ask questions, to correct errors, etc. Tell Ss that they will look at some common expressions used in the classroom
Make pairs. Give each pair handout with a list of expressions in . Ask them to translate each expression into English. If you notice that Ss spend too much time, allow them to translate only some sentences, e.g. half of the group translates the first eleven sentences and the other half translates sentences 12-22.
Summary 5 min
Summarize the session by saying that there are plenty of opportunities for using English in lessons – from simple instructions to communicating with students in English; if a teacher uses English for communication, students understand that they should respond in English too; the more you use English in class the more chance you develop your own English.
Homework (5 min)
T asks Ss to find instructions in developing their classroom language.
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