‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


So how would mapping contextual issues help improve futures thinking?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

So how would mapping contextual issues help improve futures thinking?
We can look for ways of increasing environmental flows by tracing resource flows and transfers, 
expropriations and externalities back to their sources in human-designed systems. We tend to get 
preoccupied with threats and barriers to plans, policies, programmes and products. Examining 


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Positive Development
environmental flows in their original ecological state (ET analysis) would not just help us to assess how 
far we are from sustainability. It could also help us gain inspiration from nature (ie biomimicry), and 
identify opportunities to tap into, and amplify, the free services and surpluses that nature can provide.
After that, roadmapping can be used to chart the future exogenous variables that can be anticipated, 
modified or manipulated to advance the resulting solutions. In other words, a roadmap seeks a faster 
route, not a different vehicle. The political vehicle of choice – market solutions – is now taken to be 
mandatory. Yet the market often does not correspond well to biophysical realities [Box 42]. Despite 
decades of critiques from many perspectives, there has been little effort by mainstream economists 
to alter their frameworks, or even to consider the brave new worlds that markets are shaping. And 
sustainability roadmaps tend to obey market or consumer trends. We need processes that help 
to create more responsible consumer trends in the first place [Box 54]. We must therefore create 
the biophysical and institutional infrastructure that would encourage people to make sustainable 
choices.
How can we use roadmapping to create the conditions for sustainability?
Science roadmapping may look at how a discipline, institution or research programme can be modified 
to progress a scientific field, or research outcomes in general. So, theoretically, it could look at how 
to progress towards sustainability. However, the direction society takes is still left to technologies, 
bureaucracies or markets to determine. Innovations are judged by the invisible hand, not by their 
potential to improve whole systems. Roadmapping processes have been geared towards fostering 
any technology that has ‘acceptable’ levels of risk by (figuratively speaking) creating warning signs, 
sirens or passing lanes. Democratic or participatory processes involving lay citizens are seldom 
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