‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


So how can we develop indicators that aid deep sustainability considerations?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

So how can we develop indicators that aid deep sustainability considerations?
Indicators of whole systems health must relate to the ecological base and public estate. Most indicators 
focus on single issues or measurable impacts in separate environmental media like air, soil or water.
There are growing attempts to integrate indicators with actual 
planning
– as opposed to assessment, 
auditing and reporting processes – at least in rhetoric. For example, indicators have been integrated 
into management plans at all levels, such as farm plans, catchment plans and local council plans. This 
means that they could become a guide to action, rather than a retrospective assessment of performance.
There are also many indicators that reflect impacts on the health of ecosystems. However, in the case 
of biodiversity, for example, the overall health of the system can be concealed by looking at certain 
‘keystone’ species. Thus, by the time they are threatened, it is too late. To ensure select species survive, 
we need to restore the whole food chain, by expanding ecosystems that support the complex network 
of other species upon which they depend. In other words, a ‘rhizomatic approach’.
25
A sustainability 
standard (with guidelines and prototypes for inspiration) therefore provides a better handle for built 
environment design. Sustainability indicators should assess either how far we are from sustainability 
(using RT, EW and CI analyses) or identify areas of design failure [Chapter 14]. If urban and rural 
developments are to provide eco-services and address inequities, we need not only to consider how 
to generate and measure positive improvements, but how to ensure their 
ongoing
management.
Can reporting be used to ensure ongoing management improvements?
To improve performance in design over time and throughout the whole life-cycle, there must be 
management systems in place that ensure developer or manufacturer responsibility for ongoing 
positive action. In environmental management systems, ‘continuous improvement’ is an established 
principle. But in the built environment context, developers’ or producers’ accountability often ends 
with project approval or product sales. The concept of continuous improvement through ongoing 
management, monitoring and ‘verification’ (comparing actual to predicted impacts) is gradually 
being introduced into development approvals. It has long been recognized that there is a need to 
reassess projects after construction to check the accuracy of predictions and ensure compliance 
with development conditions. This has seldom been a budgetary priority, of course. There is also 
a growing trend towards ‘extended producer responsibility’ (EPR), or ‘product stewardship’. This 
requires manufacturers to take back products at the end of their life or be responsible for their 
disposal. This approach fosters the implementation of ‘design for disassembly’, and ‘deconstruction 
and reuse’, as opposed to just reprocessing discarded products as raw materials [Box 6]. It would be 
hard to ‘take back’ buildings, after their useful life span, for many reasons. There are nonetheless 
ways of addressing continuous improvement of buildings.


160
Positive Development

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