Why aren’t existing construction waste management practices adequate?
Most waste minimization strategies in construction are about ‘process improvements’ to a non-
sustainable development prototype. While important, they often favour compliance activity, or
‘ticking the boxes’, over systems transformation through design. Take for example the experience
of an environmental manager at a large university. His curiosity was piqued by the amount of
waste that was leaving a building renovation site on campus, given that he knew the local council
had approved their waste management plan. When he checked with the council, their ‘plan’ was
to
not
recycle glass, brick, aluminium or, for that matter, anything else. The builders were in total
compliance with their plan. Design thinking, as opposed to process-oriented strategies, is more likely
to assist in making the quantum leaps required. Some well-known eco-design strategies include
design for disassembly, for the environment, for maintenance and for adaptability.
19
These are well
documented but, unfortunately, still under-utilized. There are also some institutional mechanisms
that could help stimulate better design on the part of industry. ‘Extended producer responsibility’
laws, for example, are beginning to be enacted around the world.
20
These laws require producers to
take back products at the end of their useful life and recycle them. James Greyson has also offered
the idea of ‘precycling’.
21
In this model, premiums would be paid by significant producers according
to the risk that their products will end up as waste. Here, products that are more likely to become a
new resource for other industries would attract a lower premium. Such systems design concepts are
beginning to shift attention and funding from waste disposal to prevention.
Can’t firms just compensate in some other way for their waste impacts?
Sustainability requires, among other things, that our natural life-support systems are not depleted,
degraded or distributed inequitably over the long term [Introduction].
22
The current model of
development is destroying the life-support system, while cutting off future democratic and lifestyle
options. There has, however, been significant progress in recent years towards compensating for,
or ‘offsetting’, negative impacts [Chapter 7]. One of the more progressive examples is Wal-Mart’s
commitment to preserve land equal to its ecological footprint to compensate for the land it has
consumed and sprawl it has encouraged (130,000 acres).
23
Offsets are ultimately
not
sustainable,
however, as they do not reverse the impacts of previous development [Chapter 11]. Likewise, if we
plant trees to offset our individual carbon offsets, we will not be offsetting the ongoing tree clearing
elsewhere. As all manufacturing and construction processes generally involve some degree of waste,
it would be necessary to compensate for the time and space it takes to regenerate land at the source
of extraction as well. Simply reserving some land that might otherwise be developed someday is
not a net gain. Moreover, as resources diminish and land becomes scarcer over time, there will be
growing political pressure to re-allocate that land to development. In some places, governments are
buying back land virtually given away to industrial interests in the past. At the same time, as James
Ridgeway documents, there are also increasing moves to open up more public reserves to private
exploitation.
24
A vicious circle of negative resource transfers dwarfs tokenistic offsets.
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