How can the idea of continuous improvement be applied to buildings?
In the case of a development, the responsibility of developers usually ends with the sale of the buildings.
Developers would find it onerous to have responsibility, and hence liability, over the full life of the
development. It would also be difficult to require building owners to retrofit or even integrate eco-
innovations into the building in the future, when new technologies or standards become mainstream.
There is some movement in the direction of extending the responsibility of building owners, however,
such as requiring that the energy performance of buildings be reported each year. There are also now
building rating tools that measure building performance in areas beyond energy and greenhouse – to
at least consider the ecological dimension which could be incorporated in reporting (such as NABERS
in Australia).
26
Reporting could also be extended to buildings using post-occupancy evaluation
(POE). POEs can look at occupant satisfaction and/or the operational performance of buildings. The
field of POE is
not
new, but has yet to be utilized in most project specifications or tendering processes.
Facilities managers are, or could be, positioned to improve buildings over time – at least where these
pay for themselves in resource savings. A new kind of facilities management is needed to deliver
more sustainable or healthier goods and services in developments when eco-technologies become
available (and/or become more competitive) in the future. For purposes of rewards and incentives,
we can also measure the environmental quantity and quality of the air, soil, water, sewage treatment
and energy when it leaves the building.
But won’t facilities managers continue to rely on mechanical systems?
Perhaps, if they are not retrained. Facilities managers of the future will need training in biology and
ecology as well as mechanical equipment. Facilities managers will prefer to manage mechanical
systems if they are only trained to operate conventional (fossilized) equipment. However, these
systems are high-maintenance [Box 20]. Eventually, the maintenance and operational savings provided
by natural systems will be seen as a potential financial asset. Eco-development will eventually be more
self-maintaining and cheaper to correct or adapt than projects relying on mechanized systems. POE
and extended developer responsibility via facilities management will therefore gradually favour eco-
retrofitting using natural systems rather than industrial heating, cooling and ventilating. Already in
some programmes, money saved by energy and water efficiency are put in a separate fund and rolled
over into further eco-efficiency improvements.
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Facilities managers could be encouraged to upgrade
buildings, using funds raised from energy and water efficiency savings over time, or an eco-retrofitting
bank [Chapter 11]. This approach has been used in energy upgrades, but could also be applied to
eco-retrofitting that increases ecological space in the urban environment. To make reporting more
than a public relations opportunity, government agencies should be allowed to internalize some of
the savings achieved, or even savings accruing to the general public indirectly, and ‘roll over’ these
funds to expand their future sustainability programmes. Likewise, if a progress association decided to
install, say, solar cell-powered street lamps to increase neighbourhood security, the association could
receive the monetary equivalent of a portion of the policing and energy costs that would otherwise
have been incurred (or as negotiated).
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