Why should urban sustainability reports have a regional perspective?
Urban sustainability reports often list isolated changes (inputs and outputs) of flows at the urban
boundary. If treated as separate from the
bioregion
, they cannot reflect the significance of urban policy
on the region, and vice versa. As long as goods and services are on the shelf, urban consumers will
believe they can acquire those products into the foreseeable future. There will be general confidence
that the linear ‘umbilical cord’ will continue to ensure a flow from outside the urban borders. A case
in point was a draft ‘strategic’ plan for a town in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
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Only two
‘sustainability issues’ were considered in the plan’s sustainability section: water and sewerage. The
plan said that there was adequate water and sewerage infrastructure in and out of the city. Hence,
sustainability was not a problem. The apparent assumption was that the city could continue to turn
on faucets and flush toilets in perpetuity. Shortly thereafter, the ACT experienced water shortages
and became drought affected. Since humans can only live without water for a few days, the lack
of a plan for a secure source of water was not very ‘strategic’. The author pointed this out, but the
planning consultant said it would be inappropriate to raise the issue, as it had not arisen in the focus
groups that he ran. If planners do not raise these issues, we can hardly expect citizen focus groups
to be concerned about the sustainability of fundamental resources. Of course, this also reflects the
tacit priority on economic issues over resource management in sustainability plans. The concern is
often with inputs and outputs: ensuring supply is matched by consumption.
Isn’t sustainability now better integrated with local government planning?
There is a growing effort in some countries to incorporate sustainability goals across the ‘whole of
government’ to inform all levels of decision-making in all departments, or at least to pay lip service to
the idea. Even some treasury departments are beginning to grapple with, at least, a triple-bottom-line
approach.
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But the emphasis has been on adding more rows in balance sheets, not tangible action.
There is little reporting on what organizations are actually doing to change themselves. The mere fact
of using scorecards conveniently conveys the message that a council or firm is performing responsibly
– regardless of tangible outcomes. But it also entails more book-keeping activity. Staff need to be
diverted to this work from elsewhere. Moreover, attempts to integrate staff, or to spread sustainability
considerations across government, have not always ensured the cooperation of other departments.
This is partly because agencies often see reporting as another costly compliance activity that should
only pertain to departments with a specific environmental mandate. Also, targets and benchmarks
could even reveal inadequacies that such government departments might prefer not to publicize.
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