Why do we need to change our design approach in order to change outcomes?
A new architecture is an
essential
prerequisite of biophysical and social sustainability. The re-design
of the built environment will require decision systems and tools that encourage design for diversity,
adaptability and genuine reversibility.
6
Material flows and negative impacts are largely a function
of the
design
of development itself. It is futile to try to protect the natural environment from the
growing ‘side effects’ of conventional development. In fact, the cumulative impacts of our modest
buildings, both upstream and downstream, are monumental. The true scale of impacts is veiled by the
omnipresent nature of the ‘man-made’ environment. Currently, buildings are ‘directly’ responsible for
a major portion of energy consumption, raw materials extraction, toxic landfill, packaging waste and
greenhouse gas emissions, along with timber, water and soil depletion, and many human illnesses.
In fact, it would be hard to think of any economic, environmental, social or distributional impacts
that are not shaped and/or reinforced by the design of development. Problems such as deforestation,
climate change, soil depletion, air pollution, water shortages, biodiversity and habitat losses, and
pollution
cannot
be reversed or prevented within the current model of development. Further, negative
impacts at the source of materials and site of construction are only part of the problem. Dumb design
largely determines the
amount
of resources, space and energy consumed by people in the wider
environment into the future.
But isn’t the real problem ‘consumer behaviour’ or poor personal choices?
Currently, we only have limited choices as individuals. The design of infrastructure, building systems
and construction processes largely determines the demand upon industry to provide materials and
products downstream in the market.
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That is to say, consumer demand is dwarfed by the ‘demand’
for natural resources that the design of development itself generates – unnecessarily. Design also
dictates the waste and toxins that flow from the production and use of goods and services used in the
built environment.
8
In this built environment context, people simply cannot choose truly sustainable
lifestyles. They are trapped within non-sustainable environments by both physical and institutional
design failure. The potential of behaviour change as a driver of sustainability is limited by the relatively
trivial range of consumer items at the end of the industrial supply chain. Design limits the range of
substantive choices available to people in the
future
by locking us into manufactured environments
that will drive excessive consumption and waste for decades.
9
Design also contributes to social
problems by creating environments that generate social segregation, alienation, inequity – ultimately
leading to conflict over diminishing space and resources. More immediately, built environments
contribute directly and indirectly to human health problems.
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6
Positive Development
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