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How can built environment design drive social transformation?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How can built environment design drive social transformation?
There are many ways in which the built environment shapes social relationships and could encourage 
positive interactions. As environmentalists have long argued, equitable and efficient resource allocation 
would help to reduce many of the underlying causes of social conflict and improve social justice. The 
built environment, as we will see, can help to improve health, equity, security and amenity. However, it 
is true that healthy environments, creature comforts and social space alone will not bring about social 
change. Achieving sustainability (by any definition) will be a complex, multidimensional challenge.
It will involve public engagement, debate, education and a new ethic; new forms of governance 
and conflict resolution; family planning and support; new economic institutions and management 
frameworks; basic changes in public planning, policies and priorities; and empathy and compassion.
All of these are 
prerequisites
of the others. Therefore, they all need to progress together in virtuous 
cycles. We will begin with a broad overview of the issues and how we can begin to 
reverse
detrimental 
resource transfers through Positive Development that: 

Improves human and ecological health, resilience and viability
• 
Increases natural capital, biodiversity, and ecosystem goods and services 
• 
Increases secure access to food and water
• 
Enhances urban space for both people and natural processes 
• 
Transforms our infrastructure from fossil fuel-driven to solar-powered 
• 
Helps correct imbalances in power and wealth 
• 
Conserves open space, wilderness and natural resources 
• 
Increases life quality and substantive life choices for present and future generations 
Haven’t the environmental professions aimed for Positive Development? 
Not at all. As we will see, the impediments to Positive Development are 
not
technical or financial. They 
stem more from the marginalization of design, the polarization of power, closed minds, institutional 
and intellectual inertia, and so on. The ongoing tradeoffs of environmental and human health for 
toxic forms of development continue, despite increasing environmental technologies, policies and 
regulations. This is in part due to the very planning, design and management systems that were 
created to ‘protect’ the environment in the first place. Of course, thanks to regulation, progress can be 
measured in many areas. Air and water are cleaner today in some cities than before. There are even 
cases where threatened ecosystems and species have had a stay of execution. But we have not begun 
to address the big picture – the diminution and degradation of the shared, living environment (public 
estate) and means of survival (ecological base). Our tools still focus attention on symptoms, such 
as pollution, waste and climate change, rather than on tracing problems to their sources in systems 


5
Design for Eco-services
design and correcting these root causes. Thus many efforts to manage environmental problems work 
to perpetuate them. In some cases, environmental regulation works against ‘best practice’.
3
But in 
other cases, best practice works against eco-innovation.
4
Best practice, in the context of sustainability, 
is the moral equivalent of ‘price fixing’. It sets the bar at what we have done in the past. Our tools 
turn designers into apprentices of past practices. Moreover, like the Sorcerer’s Apprentice, we are too 
busy keeping up with ‘tools of the trade’ to question their real efficacy.
5
Consultancies multiply as 
resource consumption, environmental degradation and total resource flows increase [Chapter 5]. We 
do not need a more accurate body count in our war with nature. Our basic approach to institutional 
and physical design and practice must change.

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