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Does this mean rating tools don’t acknowledge and reward good design?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Does this mean rating tools don’t acknowledge and reward good design?
Currently, most rating tools reward predictions of performance – based on computer models laden 
with hidden assumptions. ‘Stars’, certificates and other awards could instead be based on post-
occupancy evaluation, or even the factual evidence provided by energy and water meters. That is, on 
achievement instead of predictions.
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There has been little follow-up after certificates are awarded to 
check post-occupancy performance. We seldom check the comfort of the users, the actual mechanical 
performance or means to improve upon the performance that has been achieved. It may make sense 
to give awards to actors for convincing performances. It does not make sense to award developers for 
hiring consultants that can provide the most convincing assurances that the building will perform 
well. Designers used to be regarded as ‘synthesizers’ who could grasp the complex relationships in the 
construction process. Modern architecture, however, has seen a gradual devolution of responsibility 
to other professions, such as project managers and, more recently, tool programmers and building 
rating assessors. It will be interesting to see if new digital tools are used to recapture the position 
of designers or further depose them [Box 23]. The marginalization of design has occurred partly 
because design skills are not required for ‘pruning’ costs and cutting corners. Quantity surveyors 
have been external to the design process, so when tenders come in too high, designs are sometimes 
altered by non-designers after the fact. If we wanted to foster good design, we would reward net 
positive impacts and value for money – not the impoverishment of our surroundings. We could give 
‘minus’ stars to developments that are less than resource autonomous.
So, in a sense, rating tools penalize good design and reward bad design?
In a way. Designers do not usually aim for a surplus of social or natural capital or an improvement in 
human and environmental health, partly because it goes unrewarded. In some respects, the process 
treats developers of green buildings like criminals. To stretch the analogy somewhat, incentives 
are generally limited to reduced costs or expedited approval processes (commuted sentences) or 
offsets like transferable development rights (plea bargaining). When developers take the initiative 
to ‘do the right thing’, we actually make them pay extra to prove their ‘innocence’. They have to 
earn certificates to display on their green buildings. While offenders in the criminal system can 
get credit for ‘community service’, developers are not encouraged to provide community service by 
creating positive off-site impacts. In contrast, developers of conventional buildings that vandalize the 
environment get off without penalty. The externalities (damage to the public estate) and internalities 
(embezzled funds) are not recovered. The general public (victims of crime) are not compensated.


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Building Rating Tools
We simply require EIAs (such as victim impact statements), which bureaucracies process at public 
expense. We assume there were ‘mitigating circumstances’ in the case of conventional developers 
(ie ‘the market made me do it’). We do little about impact prevention through investing in design 
education and training (rehabilitation). In short, environmental vandalism is normalized and green 
building is still treated as if it were deviant - a vicious circle that works against systems change.

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