‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


Surely building rating tools identify problems and improve design, though?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Surely building rating tools identify problems and improve design, though?
To an extent, of course. New rating tools can assess the relative advantages of alternatives, such as 
what happens if we add ventilation, thermal mass, insulation or better windows. But designers already 
know about these options anyway. Besides, the tools cannot yet tell us categorically what combination 
of passive solar devices would be optimal or cheapest in a given situation. We do not trust what 
we could call ‘ecological intuition’ (the mind drawing upon experience), because we do not believe 
that humans can really be in tune with nature. Yet very early architecture, based on observation and 
experience (eg the Sumerian civilization), applied very ecologically-sophisticated design. Today, 


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Positive Development
design is seen as (and often is) the application of a style to a standard building typology. One reason 
that eco-logical design is still considered an ‘added’ cost or luxury is that developers choose to invest 
time, energy and money to have a building design rated. This creates a vicious circle, where the rating 
tool is the beginning and end of design. Applying environmental impact assessments or building 
rating tools to large commercial buildings can cost over a hundred thousand dollars. Tools sometimes 
provide points for innovation, but this is usually ‘innovation for its own sake’. Imagine if more of 
that effort were invested in better design (imagination) in the first place. The time and energy that 
tools require to be devoted to predicting and measuring ‘collateral damage’ takes human energy away 
from creative efforts to find alternatives that avoid the damage altogether. These methods reflect and 
reinforce the obsession with quantification and formulas for compliance that dominated twentieth 
century environmental management generally.

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