‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V


Building 
Rating Tools
 
From best practice to a 
sustainability standard
The technical advances and industry uptake of building rating schemes and assessment tools are 
both growing rapidly.
1
Despite this impressive growth, however, they are still used in only a small 
portion of buildings.
2
These building assessment and rating tools each have heuristic value. They 
also serve as a means of demonstrating compliance with local regulations and standards. However, 
they tend to promote ‘best practice’ instead of a sustainability standard. In effect, they encourage 
incremental approaches, marginal thinking and ‘tradeoffs’. They also tend to supplant design 
thinking with managerial ‘displacement activity’, by requiring developers/designers to invest human 
and financial resources in measuring, monitoring, mitigating and managing negative impacts, 
instead of design.
3
While many of these tools apply ‘whole of life-cycle’ accounting, their analytical 
framework is essentially reductionist, data-intensive, aggregative and sequential. Like environmental 
impact assessments, they evaluate a design ‘retrospectively’, rather than helping us design something 
completely new [Chapter 7]. Thus they prioritize bean counting over design, accounting over 
accountability, and prediction over performance.
Of course, creativity can still occur through tentative, incremental, accountancy-oriented activities 
– but it is not likely. It is even less likely that underlying norms and assumptions will be challenged 
in the process. Designers should be encouraged to think about maximizing positives and to imagine 
new ‘possibilities’ – not ‘impossibilities’ like predicting collateral damage in a complex system. There 
is no harm in advancing our ability to estimate the number of beans in a jar.
4
However, it not the 
kind of interactive, outcomes-oriented, collaborative design processes that stimulate synergies and 
syntheses. Measuring the predicted impacts of a proposed development relative to standard ones 
keeps the finish line close to the starting block. It does not mean we go any faster. The question 
should be ‘How can we achieve a genuinely sustainable building?’ – not how to measure how much 
less bad it may be. Eco-logical design tools should instead help designers ‘think outside the box’ to 
create reversible land-use planning and net positive, adaptable designs, materials, forms and other 
win–win–win solutions.


84
Positive Development

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