Think Again

it was most rampant
: Xavier Cirera and William F. Maloney, The Innovation Paradox (Washington,
DC: The World Bank, 2017); Nicholas Bloom et al., “Management Practices across Firms and
Countries,” Academy of Management Perspectives 26 (2012): 12–33.
The more superior participants
: Michael P. Hall and Kaitlin T. Raimi, “Is Belief Superiority
Justified by Superior Knowledge?,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 76 (2018): 290–
306.
“The first rule of the Dunning-Kruger club”
: Brian Resnick, “Intellectual Humility: The
Importance of Knowing You Might Be Wrong,” Vox, January 4, 2019, 
www.vox.com/science-
and-health/2019/1/4/17989224/intellectual-humility-explained-psychology-replication
.
claim knowledge about fictional topics
: John Jerrim, Phil Parker, and Nikki Shure, “Bullshitters.
Who Are They and What Do We Know about Their Lives?,” IZA Institute of Labor Economics,
DP No. 12282, April 2019, 
ftp.iza.org/dp12282.pdf
; Christopher Ingraham, “Rich Guys Are Most
Likely to Have No Idea What They’re Talking About, Study Suggests,” Washington Post, April
26, 2019, 
www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/04/26/rich-guys-are-most-likely-have-no-
idea-what-theyre-talking-about-study-finds
.
“giving a tidy demonstration”
: Nina Strohminger (@NinaStrohminger), January 8, 2019,
twitter.com/NinaStrohminger/status/1082651708617039875?s=20
.
On the questions above
: Mark L. Wolraich, David B. Wilson, and J. Wade White, “The Effect of
Sugar on Behavior and Cognition in Children: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of the American

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Medical Association 274 (1995): 1617–21; see also Konstantinos Mantantzis et al., “Sugar Rush
or Sugar Crash? A Meta-analysis of Carbohydrate Effects on Mood,” Neuroscience &
Biobehavioral Reviews 101 (2019): 45–67.