The Source Book On Sikhism

Sanskrit Punjabi Meaning

Lakshmi (Laxmi) Lacchhmi Goddess of wealth

Kaksha Kacchhi-a Armpit

Pakshi (Paxi) Panchhi Bird

Riksha Ricchh-a Bear

Vritsha Bircchh-a Tree

Lakshana Lacchhan-a Symptoms

Rule 1V. The hard consonants in the classical language tend to soften in the modern language. This is a modification of the well-known Grimm’s law in Indo-European philology. For purposes of this law, hard consonants mean the first and second rows of the Nagri consonants and soft mean the third and fourth rows.

Examples. (a) EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Latin Italian Meaning

Catta Gatto (Spanish: Gato Cat

Aqua Agua (Spanish) Water

Aequalis Eguale Equal

Sabatum Sabado (Spanish) Sabbath

Aprilis Abril (Spanish) April

(b) INDIAN LANGUAGES

Sanskrit Punjabi Meaning

Loka Log-a People

Shoka Sog-a Grief

Pancha Panja Five

Kanta Kanda Thorn

Danta Dand-a Tooth

Api Bi (or vi) Also

Rule V. The sound of ‘p’ in classical language tends to change into that of ‘v’ in modern language. The best example of it in European languages is the change of Latin ‘Aprilis’ into French ‘Avril’ (English ‘April’). Among Indian languages, the examples of this transformation are numerous.

Examples.