Chapter XIII: The Iranian Pivot
1.
William H. McNeill,
The Rise of the West: A History of the Human
Community
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), p. 167.
2.
Marshall G. S. Hodgson,
The Venture of Islam: Conscience and
History in a World Civilization
, vol. 1:
The Classical Age of Islam
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), pp. 50, 60, 109.
3.
John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman,
China: A New History
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, 2006), pp. 40–41.
4.
Geoffrey Kemp and Robert E. Harkavy,
Strategic Geography and
the Changing Middle East
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
Press, 1997), pp. 15–17.
5.
Ibid., p. xiii. Recent discoveries and developments concerning tar
sands and shale deposits, particularly in North America, call these
statistics into question.
6.
Charles M. Doughty,
Travels in Arabia Deserta
(Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1888), vol. 1, p. 336, 1979 Dover edition.
7.
Bruce Riedel, “Brezhnev in the Hejaz,”
The National Interest
,
Washington, DC, September–October 2011.
8.
Alexei Vassiliev,
The History of Saudi Arabia
(New York: New
York University Press, 2000), pp. 29, 79–80, 88, 136, 174, 177, 182;
Robert Lacey,
The Kingdom
(London: Hutchinson, 1981), p. 221.
9.
Peter Mansfield,
The Arabs
(New York: Penguin, 1976), pp. 371–
72.
10.
Kemp and Harkavy,
Strategic Geography and the Changing
Middle East
, map, p. 113.
11.
Freya Stark,
The Valleys of the Assassins: And Other Persian
Travels
(London: John Murray, 1934).
12.
Peter Brown,
The World of Late Antiquity, AD 150–750
(London:
Thames & Hudson, 1971), p. 160.
13.
Ibid., p. 163.
14.
W. Barthold,
An Historical Geography of Iran
(Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1903, 1971, 1984), pp. x–xi, 4.
15.
Nicholas Ostler,
Empires of the Word: A Language History of the
World
(New York: HarperCollins, 2005), p. 31.
16.
Michael Axworthy,
A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind
(New
York: Basic Books, 2008), p. 3.
17.
Hodgson,
The Classical Age of Islam
, p. 125.
18.
Axworthy,
A History of Iran
, p. 34.
19. Ibid., p. 78.
20.
Philip K. Hitti,
The Arabs: A Short History
(Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1943), p. 109.
21.
Brown,
The World of Lat Antiquity
, pp. 202–3.
22.
Axworthy,
A History of Iran
, p. 120.
23.
Arnold J. Toynbee,
A Study of History
, abridgement of vols. 1–6 by
D. C. Somervell (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 346.
24.
Dilip Hiro,
Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of
Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey,
and Iran
(New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2009), p. 359.
25.
Olivier Roy,
The Failure of Political Islam
, translated by Carol
Volk (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, 1994), pp. 168–70.
26.
Marshall G. S. Hodgson,
The Venture of Islam: Conscience and
History in a World Civilization
, vol. 3:
The Gunpowder Empires and
Modern Times
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), pp. 22–
23.
27.
Roy,
The Failure of Political Islam
, p. 168.
28.
James J. Morier,
The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan
(London: John Murray, 1824), p. 5, 1949 Cresset Press edition.
29.
Roy,
The Failure of Political Islam
, p. 172.
30.
Ibid., 174–75.
31.
Vali Nasr,
Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle
Class and What It Will Mean for Our World
(New York: Free Press,
2009).
32.
Roy,
The Future of Political Islam
, p. 193.
33.
M. K. Bhadrakumar, “Russia, China, Iran Energy Map,”
Asia
Times
, 2010.
34.
Axworthy,
A History of Iran
, p. 162.
35.
Robert Baer, “Iranian Resurrection,”
The National Interest
,
Washington, DC, November–December 2008.
36.
Robert D. Kaplan,
The Ends of the Earth: A Journey at the Dawn
of the 21st Century
(New York: Random House, 1996), p. 242.
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