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PART III: AMERICA’S DESTINY
Chapter XV: Braudel, Mexico, and Grand Strategy
1.
Fernand Braudel,
The Mediterranean: And the Mediterranean
World in the Age of Philip II
, vols. 1 and 2, translated by Sian
Reynolds (New York: Harper & Row, 1949, 1972, 1973).
2.
Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 243, 245–46.
3.
H. R. Trevor-Roper, “Fernand Braudel, the Annales, and the
Mediterranean,”
The Journal of Modern History
, University of
Chicago Press, December 1972.
4.
Barry Cunliffe,
Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and
Variations: 9000 BC–AD 1000
(New Haven: Yale University Press,
2008), pp. 17–18.
5.
Jakub J. Grygiel,
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p. 17.
6.
Michael Lind, “America Under the Caesars,”
The National
Interest
, Washington, July–August 2010.
7.
Grygiel,
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change
, p. 123.
8.
Ibid., pp. 63, 79–83.
9.
Francis G. Hutchins,
The Illusion of Permanence: British
Imperialism in India
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp.
196–97; Niall Ferguson,
Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British
World
Order and the Lessons for Global Power
(New York: Basic
Books, 2003), pp. 137–38, 151–53; Robert D. Kaplan,
Imperial
Grunts: The American Military on the Ground
(New York: Random
House, 2005), p. 368.
10.
Edward N. Luttwak,
The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire:
From the First Century A.D. to the Third
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1976), pp. 192–94.
11.
Edward N. Luttwak,
The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009).
12.
W. H. Parker,
Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982), p. 127; Robert Strausz-Hupé,
Geopolitics: The Struggle for Space and Power
(New York: G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, 1942), p. 240.
13.
Bernard DeVoto,
The Course of Empire
(Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1952), p. xxxii, 1989 American Heritage Library edition.
14.
David M. Kennedy, “Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of
Immigrants?,”
Atlantic Monthly
, November 1996.
15.
Joel Kotkin, “The Rise of the Third Coast: The Gulf’s Ascendancy
in U.S.,”
Forbes.com
, June 23, 2011.
16.
Arnold J. Toynbee,
A Study of History
, abridgement of vols. 1–6 by
D. C. Somervell (New York: Oxford University Press, 1934, 1946), p.
10.
17.
Henry Bamford Parkes,
A History of Mexico
(Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1960), pp. 3–4, 11.
18.
David J. Danelo, “The Many Faces of Mexico,”
Orbis
,
Philadelphia, Winter 2011.
19.
Jackson Diehl, “The Crisis Next Door: U.S. Falls Short in Helping
Mexico End Its Drug War,”
Washington Post
, July 26, 2010.
20.
Mackubin T. Owens, “Editor’s Corner,”
Orbis
, Philadelphia,
Winter 2011.
21.
Robert C. Bonner, “The New Cocaine Cowboys: How to Defeat
Mexico’s Drug Cartels,”
Foreign Affairs
, New York, July–August
2010.
22.
Robert D. Kaplan, “Looking the World in the Eye: Profile of
Samuel Huntington,”
Atlantic Monthly
, December 2001.
23.
Samuel P. Huntington,
Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s
National Identity
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004). Huntington’s
book drew in a small way on my own, which had put forward a similar
thesis. Robert D. Kaplan,
An Empire Wilderness: Travels into
America’s Future
(New York: Random House, 1998), Chapters 10–13.
24.
Huntington,
Who Are We?
, pp. 39, 59, 61, 63, 69, 106.
25.
Ibid., p. 221.
26.
Peter Skerry, “What Are We to Make of Samuel Huntington?,”
Society
, New York, November–December 2005.
27.
Kennedy, “Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants?”
28.
Carlos Fuentes,
The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the
New World
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992), p. 343.
29.
Huntington,
Who Are We?
, pp. 115–16, 229–30, 232, 238; Peter
Skerry,
Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority
(Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1993), pp. 21–22, 289.
30.
Huntington,
Who Are We?
, pp. 246–47;
The Economist
, London,
July 7, 2001.
31.
This idea I first propounded in
An Empire Wilderness
.
32.
Ted Galen Carpenter, “Escape from Mexico,”
The National
Interest Online
, Washington, June 30, 2010.
33.
David Danelo, “How the U.S. and Mexico Can Take Back the
Border—Together,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia,
April 2010.
34.
Arnold J. Toynbee,
A Study of History
, abridgement of vols. 7–10
by D. C. Somervell (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957), p.
124.
35.
Ibid., pp. 15–16, 75.
36.
Kaplan,
An Empire Wilderness
, p. 14. See the bibliography in that
book.
37.
Stratfor.com
, “The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The
Inevitable Empire,” Austin, Texas, August 25, 2011.
38.
Saul B. Cohen,
Geography and Politics in a World Divided
(New
York: Random House, 1963), p. 95.
39.
James Fairgrieve,
Geography and World Power
, p. 329.
40.
Toynbee,
A Study of History
, vols. 7–10, p. 173.
41.
Nicholas John Spykman,
The Geography of the Peace
, edited by
Helen R. Nicholl (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1944), p. 45.
42.
Robert Strausz-Hupé,
The Zone of Indifference
(New York: G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, 1952), p. 64.
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