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1.2. APPROACHES AND METHODS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING.
1.2.1 PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
In my working process as a language teacher, it is very important for me to teach my students effectively and I always try to improve their language competences. For this reason, I must take into consideration how my learners learn and what cognitive processes they go through. We cannot teach effectively if we do not know how people create knowledge, how they receive information and knowledge through their memory. From this point of view, we should take into consideration cognitive principles. I used three of them such as, meaningful learning, intrinsic motivation and strategic investment in my lesson plan related to Home task one. Through meaningful learning students will have long term retention than rote learning. This process will lead them not to forget and learn the language continuously. I think that the most powerful rewards are those that are intrinsically motivated within the learner. Because the behavior stems from needs, wants, or desires within oneself, the behavior unconscious incompetence towards unconscious competence (Underhill, 1992). Besides these two cognitive principles, second language mastery will be due to a large extent to a learner’s own personal investment of time, effort, and attention to the L2 in the form of an individualized battery of strategies for comprehending and producing the language. Here, we should consider our students’ attitude to learning a language.
When I work with my students, I use collaborative group work to promote the social environment that can support mediated cognition. I believe in collaborative work: first, to improve the quantity and quality of my student’s learning; second, to foster their ability to interact effectively with others in social situations and third, to model and demonstrate cooperative activities and techniques which they can later use in life. I hope to create a sense of belonging for each learner and promote positive human interaction and community building, so that interaction can ensue for mediated cognition to take place.
From my point of view, affective principles in teaching languages is also vital. We cannot teach effectively or cant achieve our goals if we do not understand the process by which people create knowledge. As for me, all principles are needed in teaching and learning process, however, I reflected in my lesson plan three of affective principles: learners’ self confidence, their risk taking ability and language culture connection. If students feel confident while doing tasks, they indeed are fully capable of accomplishing a task. Because of this belief they can achieve their goal.
As mentioned in the book, successful language learners, in their realistic appraisal of themselves as vulnerable beings yet capable of accomplishing tasks, must be willing to be “gamblers” in the game of language, to attempt to produce and to interpret language that is a bit beyond their absolute certainty.1 It means they should go forward without hesitation to get productive results. And language culture connection is also necessary point of teaching, while we teach foreign language to our students. As I mentioned in my Home task one, without teachers’ strict control my students socialized, interacted with others and felt more comfortable. This was a good opportunity for them to improve language and real life skills. Cooperative learning leads to positive effects in language acquisition as well as enhancing motivation toward learning English. As well as, they acquired foreign culture and customs in this stage. According to linguistic principles, my students focused on native language principle as they used it effectively in class. Students’ communicative competencies were formed through activities implemented with them.
In conclusion, I would like to say that, the principles helped me reflect on my teaching practice and get insights into successes and failures I face in my professional carrier. I understood that teaching by principles will help me to be able to justify my right choice of certain techniques appropriate for my students, monitor myself while implementing them and evaluating their effectiveness, and making decisions on how to improve their language competence.
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