śāstra
master Saṃghabhadra (known as Zhongxian
in Chinese) composed the
Abhidharma-nyāyānusāra-śāstra
here. On the left
and right sides of the monastery there are stupas containing relic bones of
great arhats. Monkeys and other wild animals pluck flowers as offerings at
all times of the year without interruption, as if they were performing a duty
under instruction. There are many strange traces on this mountain, such as
rocky walls that are split crosswise, or the hoofprints of horses left on the
tops of the peaks. All these traces have strange shapes. They were drawn by
arhats who were
śrāmaṇera
s (not yet fully ordained monks) with their fingers
while they were riding to and fro on pleasure trips. Such traces are so numer-
ous that it is difficult to give a full account of them.
Over ten
li
to the east of the Buddha tooth monastery, on the steep side
of a northern mountain, there is a small monastery where the great
śāstra
master Skandhila composed the
Abhidharma-prakaraṇa-pāda-śāstra
in for-
mer times.
93
887c
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
In the small monastery there is a stone stupa more than fifty feet high, con-
taining the relic bones of an arhat. Formerly there was an arhat, a big and tall
man who had the appetite of an elephant. The people of the time sneered at him,
saying, “You know only how to satisfy yourself and have no sense of right and
wrong!” When the arhat was about to enter nirvana he told the people, “I shall
soon take up complete extinction. I wish to tell you the wonderful Dharma I
have personally realized.” On hearing this the people all jeered at him even
more and they all gathered to see what would happen. The arhat then said to
them, “Now I shall tell you my personal karmic conditions. Before my present
existence I was born an elephant, and I lived in the royal stable of a king of East
India. There was then in the country [of Kaśmīra] a
śramaṇa
who was making
a long journey in India in search of sacred scriptures and commentaries. The
king presented me as a gift to the
śramaṇa
to carry the Buddhist scriptures for
him to this country. Soon afterward I died and by the merit of having carried
scriptures I was reborn a human being. With the surplus blessedness I was able
to become a monk at an early age. I worked hard to find liberation from the
cycle of rebirth, without spending a single moment in idleness, until I attained
the six supernatural powers and cut off the passions of the three realms. But my
old habit of eating [like an elephant] was still as before, though I restricted
myself to eating only one-third of my regular amount of food.”
When he said this the people did not believe him, so he rose into the air
and entered the
samādhi
(concentrated trance) of firelight. Flames and smoke
came from his body and he entered extinction while his remains dropped
down, over which a stupa was built.
Going northwest from the royal city for over two hundred
li,
I reached
Vikrītavana Monastery, where the
śāstra
master Pūrṇa (known as Yuanman
in Chinese) composed the
Exposition of the Abhidharma-śāstra.
Going west from the city for one hundred forty or fifty
li,
I reached the
north of a great river at the south side of a mountain and came to a monastery
of the Mahāsāṃghika school with more than a hundred monks. This was the
place where the
śāstra
master Bodhila composed the
Tattvasaṃcaya-śāstra
of the Mahāsāṃghika school.
Going southwest from here for more than seven hundred
li
over mountains
and across dangerous rivers, I reached the country of Parṇotsa (in the domain
94
888a
Fascicle III
of North India). The country of Parṇotsa is more than two thousand
li
in
circuit and has many mountains and rivers; it has narrow strips of cultivated
land. The crops are sown in season and flowers and fruit are luxuriant. There
is plenty of sugarcane but no grapes. Trees bearing such fruit as
āmra
(mango),
uḍumbara
(fig),
moca
(plantain), and so on have been planted by householders
in the woods near their dwelling places, because the people enjoy the taste
of these [variteies of] fruit. The climate is humid and hot and the people are
bold and fiery by custom. Their garments are mostly made of cotton cloth.
They are simple and straightforward by nature and believe in the Triple Gem.
There are five monasteries, mostly in ruins. The country has no ruler and is
a dependency of Kaśmīra. In the monastery to the north of the city there are
a few monks. To the north of the monastery there is a stone stupa that often
shows miracles.
From here going southeast for more than four hundred
li,
I reached the country
of Rājapura (in the domain of North India). The country of Rājapura is over
four thousand
li
in circuit; the capital city, which is more than ten
li
in circuit
and has many hills and mounds around it, is a strong fortress. The valleys
and plains are narrow and the soil is not productive. The native products and
climate are the same as those of Parṇotsa. The people are bold and fiery by
custom and are brave and valiant by nature. The country has no ruler and is
a dependency of Kaśmīra. There are ten monasteries with few monks. There
is one
deva
temple with many heretics.
From the country of Lampā up to this land all the inhabitants are coarse
and vulgar in appearance and rustic and violent by nature. They speak unre-
fined dialects, have little courtesy, and lack the sense of righteousness. Their
lands do not belong to India proper but are uncivilized frontier regions.
From here proceeding southeast, descending from a mountain, crossing a
river, and going for more than seven hundred
li,
I reached the country of
Ṭakka (in the domain of North India).
End of Fascicle III of
The Great Tang Dynasty
Record of the Western Regions
95
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