to damnation see comments on that earlier saying.¹³ There the specific
context was a warning against adultery (mental as well as literal), but here
the scope is not limited, and the principles which applied there to the
avoidance of dangerous behavior and attitudes can be as well applied to
other areas of human sinfulness. The whole warning is expressed in the
second-person singular:¹⁴ it is for the individual disciple to work out for
themselves where their particular danger of “stumbling” lies and to take
appropriate action.
The only significant difference from 5:29–30 in the wording of the conditional
clauses and the imperatives is the inclusion this time of the foot along with the
hand (following but abbreviating Mark 9:43, 45), which expands but does not
alter the imagery. In the explanatory clauses there is more variation in wording,
but not in content. The place of punishment now is not simply “hell” but “the
eternal fire” and “hell-fire.” “Eternal” (aiōnios) will be used in 25:41, 46 for the
ultimate fate both of the saved (“eternal life;” cf. also 19:16, 29) and the lost
(“eternal fire,” “eternal punishment”) and we shall discuss its implications more
fully there. The adjective derives from the noun aiōn which we have seen used in
12:32 to distinguish between the two “ages” of this present life and life after
death; cf. also the description of this world as “this aiōn” in 13:22, and the
frequent use of “the end of the aiōn” to denote the end of the present world order
(13:39, 40, 49; 24:3; 28:20). The fire here therefore belongs to the “age to
come;” the reference is to ultimate punishment, as the parallel use of “hell” in
5:29–30 would suggest. For fire as an image for the ultimate judgment see 3:10–
12; 7:19; 13:40, 42, 50, and for the more specific expression “hell-fire” see on
5:22 (cf. also destruction in hell, 10:28).
In 5:29–30 the alternative to hell was stated simply as the loss of one part of the
body, but here it is more positively described as “entering into life” without the
affected part. While this life is not specifically said to be “eternal,” analogy with
the fire would suggest this, and the same phrase in 19:17 stands alongside the
specific mention of “eternal life” in 19:16, 29 (cf. also 25:46). Coming so soon
after the statement about “entering the kingdom of heaven” in v. 3 this phrase
may reasonably be assumed to have a related meaning, eternal life being the
prerogative of those who belong to God’s kingship. “To enter the kingdom of
heaven” does not mean “to go to heaven” (see on 5:20), but that is the ultimate
destiny of those who are God’s true subjects, and the phrase “enter into life” here
appropriately spells out that heavenly destiny. As in 5:29–30, it is appropriate to
warn against a too literal application of the imagery of this saying to suggest that
amputees will find themselves disadvantaged in heaven.
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