7. Trusting Your Heavenly Father (6:25–34)
²⁵I tell you, therefore, don’t worry about your life, what you are to eat,¹ nor about
your body, what you are to wear. Isn’t life more important than food, and the
body more important than clothing? ² Take a good look at² the wild³ birds: they
do not sow seed or harvest crops and store them in barns, and yet your heavenly
Father feeds them. Aren’t you more important than them? ²⁷Which of you by
worrying can add a single cubit to your lifespan?⁴ ²⁸And why worry about
clothes? Take a lesson from the wild flowers;⁵ see how they grow: they do not
have to work or spin, ² but I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor
was clothed as magnificently as one of them. ³ If God gives such clothing to the
wild plants that are here today and will be thrown into the oven tomorrow, will
he not do much more for you, you faithless people? ³¹So don’t worry,⁷ “What
are we to eat?” or “What are we to drink?” or “What are we to wear?” ³²(all the
things the Gentiles are searching for) since your heavenly Father knows you
need all these things. ³³Rather make it your priority to find God’s⁸ kingship and
his righteousness; then all these other things will be given you as well. ³⁴So don’t
worry about tomorrow; tomorrow will worry about itself. Today’s own troubles
are enough for today.
This unit of teaching occurs (with the exception of v. 34) in a closely parallel
form (though not verbatim the same) in Luke 12:22–31, and its coherence of
subject-matter and terminology suggests that the whole of vv. 25–33 belonged
together in the tradition of Jesus’ sayings, rather than being collected together
from individual sayings as we have seen in vv. 19–24. Verse 34, which makes a
rather different point from vv. 25–33, may well have been an independent saying
which Matthew added as a conclusion to this section of the discourse on the
basis of the shared exhortation “Don’t worry.”
The subject-matter continues the theme of the disciples’ attitude to material
needs and possessions, and the issue of priorities which underlies vv. 19–24 is
more fully articulated in v. 33. Verse 32, with its contrast between the anxious
attitude of Gentiles and the disciples’ dependence on their heavenly Father’s
prior knowledge, closely echoes vv. 7–8. But while the subject-matter is familiar,
the approach of this pericope is distinct and memorable, with its direct
application to the most basic human needs and concerns, its insistent repetition
of the term “worry” (six out of the seven Matthean uses of the verb are here),
and its striking lessons drawn from God’s more than adequate provision for his
natural creation. The simple analogy with the birds and flowers is worth many
paragraphs of reasoned argument (“stunningly naive but undeniable,” Betz), and
the assumption that God’s people are more important to him than his other
creation provides the disciple with an attractive basis for filial trust. For a similar
emphasis on trusting God for daily needs cf. Phil 4:6–7; Heb 13:5; 1 Pet 5:7.
The lessons are clear and simple, and many disciples have found them of great
help and comfort. But they also raise problems in the modern world (and surely
also in the world of Jesus’ day) which the discourse does not address and which
leave many readers feeling that idealism has here triumphed over reality.¹ Does
God really provide so bountifully for the birds, which die or are killed in huge
numbers every year, often for lack of suitable food, and many of which face the
probability of extinction in our shrinking world? Even more pertinently, how are
we to maintain the relevance of this teaching to those large numbers of human
beings, many of them devout disciples, who simply cannot obtain enough food
and die through famine while the affluent part of the world lives in excess? It
would be a grossly insensitive and blinkered expositor who would dare to
suggest that it was simply because they did not trust God enough. This teaching
seems to envisage the world as it should be rather than the world as it is, and
while it is true that much of both human and animal suffering can be blamed on
human selfishness and greed and our disastrous mismanagement of God’s world,
it is not easy to trace a human cause for every famine or disaster, ancient or
modern.
Such philosophical and apologetic problems are simply not raised here. The
focus is on the disciples’ trust in a heavenly Father, whose concern and ability to
meet their needs are taken for granted. We must look elsewhere for a more wide-
ranging theodicy. In the specific situation of Jesus’ first disciples the issue was
one of direct existential importance: their itinerant and dependent lifestyle made
the questions of daily provision constantly relevant, and worry about material
needs a recurrent possibility. These were the people for whom the petition “Give
us today the bread we need for the coming day” (v. 11) rang true each day, and it
was the confident offering of that prayer to a “Father in heaven” that was their
essential safeguard against worry.
Worry (merimna) is the antithesis of the practical trust in God which is the
essential meaning of faith (pistis) in this gospel (8:10; 9:2, 22, 29; 15:28; 17:20;
21:21). Those who worry show their “lack of faith” (see on v. 30). Outside this
passage Matthew contains only two other uses of merimna (ō): in 13:22 the
thorns which choke the good seed represent “the worry of the world and the
deceit of wealth” (a close parallel to the competing interests set out in this
passage and already in vv. 19–21, 24), while in 10:19 disciples under pressure
are again exhorted “not to worry,” this time not over material provision but over
how they should respond to hostile accusation. In that situation, as here with
regard to material needs, “it will be given to you in that hour.” The resultant
impression of a carefree life of confident dependence on a caring and generous
Father is an attractive one, but one which is less easy to relate to the lifestyle of a
modern Western disciple with a nine-to-five job and a mortgage than it was to
Jesus’ itinerant companions in Galilee. The concern for tomorrow which v. 34
condemns is firmly built into our commercial and economic structures, and even
within the NT we find harsh words for those who do not make appropriate
provision (1 Tim 5:8). Of course sensible provision and “worry” are not the
same thing, and perhaps we may responsibly claim that the focus of this passage
is on faith and its opposite rather than on the specifics of economic planning. It
is, after all, worry about tomorrow, not provision for tomorrow, which v. 34
condemns.¹¹ In normal circumstances our cushioned Western lifestyle leaves
little scope for the sort of “worry” about basic provisions which this passage
envisages. It is perhaps at times of economic catastrophe or of drastically
changed personal circumstances that its message applies most directly, and that it
becomes clear how far our essential priorities enable us to trust rather than to
worry.
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