“Branch.” Others have suggested a word-play rather on the Hebrew verb nṣr “to
watch, guard, preserve,” and draw on passages such as Isa 42:6 (the servant who
is “preserved”), Isa 49:6 (the “preserved” of Israel), or Jer 31:6 (the “watchmen”
in the hills of Ephraim).¹² Apart from the fact that such theories “explain” only
the word Nazōraios and not the preceding “He shall be called,” they also suffer
from the rather obvious embarrassment that such a word-play is totally invisible
in Greek, the language in which Matthew is writing. A suggestion which avoids
this problem is to postulate an OT source in the Greek word naziraios, “nazirite,”
only one letter different from Matthew’s word, even though its second consonant
represents a different Hebrew consonant and the Hebrew word nāzîr has nothing
to do with Nazareth. Naziraios occurs in the LXX only with reference to Samson
in Judg 13:5,7; 16:17,¹³ and the phrase “he will be a naziraios” in Judg 13:5,7
has been claimed as a source for Matthew’s phrase “He will be called a
Nazōraios.”¹⁴ It is not an exact echo, but at least it might be easier to detect in
Greek than the alleged reference to Isa 11:1.¹⁵ But if this was the passage
Matthew had in mind it is not obvious why he should have obscured the
supposed allusion by altering “he will be” to “he will be called.”¹ Moreover
while Samson was a miraculously-born savior-figure, his notoriously amoral
life-style is not an attractive option as a type of the Messiah. And the supposed
echo would backfire rather badly when the reader reaches 11:18–19 where Jesus
is set in deliberate contrast with the nazirite life-style of John the Baptist, and is
labelled rather a “glutton and wine-drinker.” Jesus was no nazirite, and it does
not seem that anyone “called” him that.
The problems faced by these various suggestions,¹⁷ and the lack of agreement on
them, suggest that we should rather take note of the distinctive wording of the
introductory formula and look not for a specific passage but rather for a more
general theme of prophetic expectation which pointed to a Messiah who would
be “called a Nazorean.”¹⁸ But if Nazōraios is understood to mean “of Nazareth,”
as both the context here and other NT usage demand,¹
such a theme is not going
to be easy to discern in the absence of any mention of Nazareth in the OT.
Whatever Matthew is doing with this “quotation,” it is not going to be at the
level of simple prediction and fulfillment.
The most promising approach² paradoxically takes its cue from the very non-