The essence and content of the term philosophy

The main currents of Islam. Islomning asosiy oqimlari xilma-xil va murakkab bo'lib, ular orasida islom ta'limoti va an'analarining ko'plab tafakkur maktablari va talqinlari mavjud. Ba'zi yirik oqimlarga sunniylik, shialik, so'fiylik va salafiylik kiradi. Sunniylik Islom - Islomning eng katta tarmog'i bo'lib, Qur'on va Hadislarda qayd etilgan Muhammad payg'ambarning ta'limotlariga amal qiladi. Shia islomi Payg‘ambar alayhissalomning oilasi va avlodlarining rolini ta’kidlab, imomlarning diniy yetakchi sifatidagi muhimligini ta’kidlaydi. Tasavvuf islomning tasavvufiy yoʻnalishi boʻlib, maʼnaviy rivojlanish va Xudo bilan shaxsiy munosabatlarga urgʻu beradi. Salafiylik – fundamentalistik oqim boʻlib, u Islomning dastlabki odatlari va eʼtiqodlariga qaytishga intiladi. Bundan tashqari, Islomda ko'plab boshqa oqim va oqimlar mavjud bo'lib, ularning har biri islom ta'limoti va amaliyotini o'z talqiniga ega.( The main currents of Islam are diverse and complex, and include multiple schools of thought and interpretations of Islamic doctrine and tradition. Some of the major currents include Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Sufism, and Salafism. Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and follows the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as recorded in the Quran and Hadith. Shia Islam emphasizes the role of the Prophet's family and descendants, and stresses the importance of imams as religious leaders. Sufism is a mystical branch of Islam that emphasizes spiritual development and a personal relationship with God. Salafism is a fundamentalist movement that seeks to return to the early practices and beliefs of Islam. There are also many other currents and schools of thought within Islam, each with their own interpretations of Islamic doctrine and practice.)

Reforms implemented in the socio-economic and political life of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. . Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi — Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi tarkibidagi avtonom respublika. 1991-yilda mustaqillikka erishganimizdan buyon viloyatda qishloq xo‘jaligida ham jiddiy o‘zgarishlar, ma’naviy-madaniy sohada ham yangilanishlar yuz berdi. Qoraqalpog‘iston oliy ta’lim tizimida ham islohotlar amalga oshirildi.Qoraqalpog‘istondagi ekologik vaziyat nuqtai nazaridan mintaqa atrof-muhitning degradatsiyasi va cho‘llanishiga olib kelgan Orol dengizi inqirozidan kelib chiqqan jiddiy muammolarga duch keldi.Orol dengizi inqirozi bilan bog'liq fojialardan biri Orol dengizidagi Vozrojdeniya orolining yo'q bo'lib ketishidir. Bu orol Sovet Ittifoqi tomonidan bioqurollarni sinovdan o'tkazish uchun ishlatilgan va orol tark etilganda ko'plab xavfli patogenlar ortda qolgan. Orol yemirilishda davom etar ekan, 7patogenlar atrof-muhitga tarqalishi mumkinligidan xavotirlar mavjud.O‘zbekiston hukumati Qoraqalpog‘istondagi ekologik vaziyatni yaxshilash choralarini ko‘rdi, jumladan, Orol dengizi inqirozini hal qilish bo‘yicha milliy dasturni amalga oshirdi. Ushbu dastur suv resurslarini boshqarishni takomillashtirish, barqaror qishloq xo'jaligini rivojlantirish va Orol dengizi inqirozining aholi salomatligiga ta'sirini yumshatish bo'yicha chora-tadbirlarni o'z ichiga oladi.Umuman olganda, Qoraqalpog‘iston jiddiy muammolarga duch kelayotgan bo‘lsa-da, O‘zbekiston hukumati ushbu muammolarni hal qilish va mintaqadagi ekologik vaziyatni yaxshilash choralarini ko‘rmoqda.( The Republic of Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic within the Republic of Uzbekistan. Since gaining independence in 1991, the region has seen significant changes in the field of agriculture, as well as updates in the spiritual and cultural sphere. The higher education system in Karakalpakstan has also undergone reforms.In terms of the ecological situation in Karakalpakstan, the region has faced significant challenges stemming from the Aral Sea crisis, which has led to environmental degradation and desertification.One tragedy that has occurred in relation to the Aral Sea crisis is the disappearance of the Aral Sea island of Vozrozhdeniya. This island was used by the Soviet Union for bioweapons testing, and many dangerous pathogens were left behind when the island was abandoned. There are concerns that the pathogens could be released into the surrounding environment as the island continues to erode.The government of Uzbekistan has taken measures to improve the ecological situation in Karakalpakstan, including implementing a national program to address the Aral Sea crisis. This program includes measures to improve the management of water resources, promote sustainable agriculture, and mitigate the impact of the Aral Sea crisis on public health.Overall, while Karakalpakstan continues to face significant challenges, the government of Uzbekistan is taking steps to address these challenges and improve the ecological situation in the region.)