The essence and content of the term philosophy

2. Subject and object of the science of logic. Mantiq fanining predmeti fikrlash va argumentatsiya qilishning asosiy tamoyillarini o'rganishdir. U deduksiya, induksiya, sillogizm va noto‘g‘ri gaplar kabi mavzularni o‘z ichiga oladi va asosli fikrlashning tuzilishi va mohiyatini har tomonlama tushunishga intiladi. Tushunchalar va ularni boshqaradigan tafakkur qonuniyatlari orasidagi mantiqiy munosabatlarni tahlil qilish mantiq fanining ob'ektidir. Ushbu tahlil ko'pincha mantiqiy munosabatlar va dalillarni ifodalash uchun belgilar, diagrammalar va boshqa rasmiy usullardan foydalanishni o'z ichiga oladi va matematika, falsafa, tilshunoslik va informatika kabi keng sohalarda qo'llanilishi mumkin. Umuman olganda, mantiq fani argumentlarni tushunish va baholash, turli sohalarda aniq va qat'iy fikrlash usullarini ishlab chiqish uchun muhim vositadir. (The subject of the science of logic is the study of the fundamental principles of reasoning and argumentation. It encompasses topics such as deduction, induction, syllogisms, and fallacies, and seeks to develop a comprehensive understanding of the structure and nature of valid reasoning. The object of the science of logic is the analysis of the logical relationships between concepts and the laws of thought that govern them. This analysis often involves the use of symbols, diagrams, and other formal techniques to represent logical relationships and arguments, and can be applied to a wide range of fields, including mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. Overall, the science of logic is an important tool for understanding and evaluating arguments, and for developing clear and rigorous methods of reasoning in various domains.)
3. Reforms implemented in the socio-economic and political life of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.1990-yillarning boshidan boshlab Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi mustaqil O‘zbekiston Respublikasi tarkibida qator ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va siyosiy islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. Masalan, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasida hukumat tomonidan samaradorlikni oshirish, hosildorlikni oshirish va yerdan barqaror foydalanishni rag‘batlantirishga qaratilgan qator o‘zgarishlar amalga oshirildi. Maʼnaviy-maʼrifiy sohada ham yangilanishlar yuz berdi, qoraqalpoqlarning anʼanaviy sanʼati va musiqasini asrab-avaylashga eʼtibor kuchaytirildi.Oliy ta’lim sohasida hukumat kirish, sifat va dolzarblikni oshirishga qaratilgan qator islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. Bu hududda yangi oliy o‘quv yurtlari va kollejlarni tashkil etish, shuningdek, yangi o‘quv dasturlarini ishlab chiqish va mavjudlarini kengaytirishni o‘z ichiga oldi.Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasidagi ekologik vaziyat haqida gap ketganda, mintaqa oldida turgan jiddiy ekologik muammolarni hal etish bo‘yicha izchil ishlar olib borilmoqda. E'tiborli fojialardan biri Orol dengizidagi falokat bo'lib, u ekotizimni vayron qilgan va mahalliy aholi salomatligi va turmush tarziga jiddiy ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Hukumat vaziyatni yaxshilash, jumladan, suv sarfini kamaytirish va muqobil energiya manbalariga investitsiyalarni ko‘paytirish bo‘yicha chora-tadbirlarni amalga oshirish choralarini ko‘rdi.Umuman olganda, Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi hukumati so‘nggi yillarda iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy-madaniy sharoitlarni yaxshilash, ekologik muammolarni hal etish borasida salmoqli sa’y-harakatlarni amalga oshirdi. Biroq, mintaqa va uning aholisi uchun barqaror va adolatli kelajakni ta'minlash uchun hali ko'p ishlar qilinishi kerak.( Since the early 1990s, the Republic of Karakalpakstan, as part of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan, has undergone a number of socio-economic and political reforms. In the field of agriculture, for example, the government has implemented a number of changes aimed at increasing efficiency, improving productivity and promoting sustainable land use. There have also been updates in the spiritual and cultural sphere, with increased attention being paid to the preservation of traditional Karakalpak art and music.In terms of higher education, the government has implemented a number of reforms aimed at improving access, quality and relevance. This has included the establishment of new universities and colleges in the region, as well as the development of new academic programs and the expansion of existing ones.When it comes to the ecological situation in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, there have been ongoing efforts to address the serious environmental challenges facing the region. One notable tragedy was the disaster at the Aral Sea, which devastated the ecosystem and had significant impacts on the health and livelihoods of local communities. The government has taken steps to improve the situation, including the implementation of measures to reduce water consumption and increased investment in alternative energy sources.Overall, the government of the Republic of Karakalpakstan has made significant efforts in recent years to promote economic development, improve social and cultural conditions, and address environmental challenges. However, there is still much to be done to ensure a sustainable and equitable future for the region and its inhabitants.)