Tashkent financial institute Statistics and econometrics department Population statistics

CENSUSES

• Censuses were carried out, among other places, in North America (Virginia in 1620 and Quebec in 1665), Australia (New South Wales in 1828) and British India in 1871. The first United States census took place in 1790. Currently, almost every country carries out decennial census, and some, like Australia and Canada, do it every 5 years.

Demographic Information

According to the United Nations (2008), censuses should have the following attributes:

• enumeration of each individual in the whole population

• universal coverage of the population within a defined territory

• specified period of time of the coverage of the whole population

• periodic frequency

REGISTERS

• Population registers, another source of demographic information, have also been in use in a variety of modes. Ancient Egypt is said to have registered its people (around 1400 BC). Family records were kept in Japan as far back as 645 AD and were re-introduced in 1868. Population registers are now common in Scandinavian countries, and a complete enumeration of populations can now be carried out, in some countries, using these registers (e.g., Finland).

SURVEYS

• To overcome some of these difficulties with the vital registration system, population surveys, are carried out by countries themselves and in some cases through cooperation from international agencies such as the United Nations. Surveys have also been used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and factors associated with them. Social surveys of London were begun in 1886 and Charles Booth produced a related report in 1906. Surveys are now the most frequent source of demographic information.

Elements of Demographic Analysis

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Growth rate

CHILD-WOMAN RATIO

Population Pyramids

Fertility

• Crude Birth Rates

general fertility rate

specific fertility rates

Mortality

Crude Death Rates

infant mortality rate