Ta’lim sohasi: 110000 Pedagogika Ta’lim yo`nalishi

A f r e e m o r p h e m e is defined as one that coincides with the stem or a word-form. A great many root-morphemes are free morphemes,for example, the root-morpheme friend — of the noun friendship is naturallyqualified as a free morpheme because it coincides with one of theforms of the noun friend.
A b o u n d m o r p h e m e occurs only as a constituent part of aword. Affixes are, naturally, bound morphemes, for they always make partof a word, e.g. the suffixes -ness, -ship, -ise (-ize), etc., the prefixes un-,dis-, de-, etc. (e.g. readiness, comradeship, to activise; unnatural, todisplease, to decipher).
Many root-morphemes also belong to the class of bound morphemeswhich always occur in morphemic sequences, i.e. in combinations with roots or affixes. All unique roots and pseudo-roots are-bound morphemes.
Such are the root-morphemes theor- in theory, theoretical, etc., barbar-in barbarism, barbarian, etc., -ceive in conceive, perceive, etc.
Semi-bound ( s e m i - f r e e ) m o r p h e m e s are morphemes thatcan function in a morphemic sequence both as an affix and as a free morpheme.
For example, the morpheme well and half on the one hand occuras free morphemes that coincide with the stem and the word-form in utteranceslike “sleep well, half an hour,” on the other hand they occur asbound morphemes in words like well-known, half-eaten, half-done.
The relationship between the two classifications of morphemes discussedabove can be graphically presented in the following diagram:

Speaking of word-structure on the morphemic level two groups ofmorphemes should be specially mentioned.
To t h e f i r s t g r o u p belong morphemes of Greek and Latinorigin often called c o m b i n i n g f o r m s, e.g. telephone, telegraph,phonoscope, microscope, etc. The morphemes tele-, graph-, scope-, micro-,phone- are characterised by a definite lexical meaning and peculiarstylistic reference: tele- means ‘far’, graph- means ‘writing’, scope —’seeing’, micro- implies smallness, phone- means ’sound.’ Comparingwords with tele- as their first constituent, such as telegraph, telephone,telegram one may conclude that tele- is a prefix and graph- phone-,gram-are root-morphemes. On the other hand, words like phonograph,
seismograph, autograph may create the impression that the second morpheme
graph is a suffix and the first — a root-morpheme. This undoubtedlywould lead to the absurd conclusion that words of this group containno root-morpheme and are composed of a suffix and a prefix which runscounter to the fundamental principle of word-structure. Therefore, there isonly one solution to this problem; these morphemes are all bound rootmorphemesof a special kind and such words belong to words made up ofbound roots. The fact that these morphemes do not possess the part-ofspeechmeaning typical of affixational morphemes evidences their status as roots.