Study Notes management accounting acca f2


BUDGET AND STANDARD COMPARISON



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

 
BUDGET AND STANDARD COMPARISON 
Budgets and standard are very similar and interrelated, but there are important differences between them. 
Budget 
Standards 

Gives planed and aggregate 
costs for a function of cost centre 

Shows the planned unit resources usage for a 
single task, for example the standard labour hours 
for a single units of production 
 

Can be prepared for all functions, 
even when output cannot be 
measured 

Limited to situation where representative action are 
performed and output can be measured 
 

Mostly expressed in money terms 

Need not be expressed in money terms. For 
example a standard rate of output does not need a 
financial value put on it 
Variance: 
A variance is ‘the difference between a planned, budgeted or standard cost and the actual cost 
incurred’
. The same comparisons may be made for revenues.
 
 
Variance analysis: 
The process by which the total difference between standard and actual results is 
analyzed is known as variance analysis. 
 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 86 of 147 
Finally three figures arise
▪ Original budget (standard costs/revenues at expected activity level) 
It is calculated as 
standard cost/revenue per unit x budgeted units
▪ Flexed budget
(standard costs/revenues at actual activity level) 
It is calculated as 
standard cost/revenue per unit x actual units
▪ Actual results 
It is calculated as 
actual cost/revenue per unit x actual units


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