Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

 
 
Product XYZ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ per unit 
$ per unit 
Selling price 
100 
Production cost: 
Materials 
(2 kgs @ $20/kg) 
40 
Labour 
(1.5 hrs @ $2/hr) 

Variable overheads 
(1.5 hrs @ $6/hr) 

Standard variable cost
(52) 
Standard contribution per unit 
48 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 85 of 147 
▪ The activity measure that exerts the greatest influence on costs is investigated– usually direct 
labour hours. 

Fixed overheads 
▪ Fixed overheads standard is like: 
3 hrs/unit x $2/hr = $6/unit
▪ This standard is developing by using fixed overhead absorption rate. 
▪ Because fixed costs are largely independent of changes in activity, they are constant over wide 
ranges in the short term. 
▪ Therefore, for control purposes, a fixed overhead rate per unit of activity is inappropriate. 
▪ For inventory valuation purposes IAS 2 requires standard fixed overhead rates.

Selling price and margin 
▪ Sales standard is like:
$30/unit x 100 units sold
▪ Anticipated market demand 
▪ Competitive production and competitor’s action 
▪ Manufacturing costs 
▪ Inflation estimates 
 
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF STANDARDS 
Advantages 
▪ Annual examination of costs and revenues. 
▪ Provides a yardstick to judge performance. 
▪ Helps management by exception. 
▪ Helps bookkeeping. 
 
Disadvantages 
▪ Waste important resources like time and costs. 
▪ Standard developed may be outdated. 
▪ De-motivating effect if system is poor.

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