218
gold mines, where, in Oprandi’s view, the working conditions were decidedly better than at
Wittenoom, as was the pay. There was also the offer of a rental house for him and
his family
from the mining company.
9
His first-born, Francesco, was only one day old the day of his
departure on 19 January 1951.
Attilio had left his son and wife, Caterina Bellini, in Fino del
Monte, a small Lombard village north of Bergamo where she worked and enjoyed the
support of her large extended family. Their original plan had been for Attilio
to work for three
or four years and then repatriate. Instead, in 1955, Attilio, who considered life and
opportunities to be better in Australia, brought his family to Coolgardie.
10
On her arrival,
Caterina Bellini experienced shock similar to the Italian women at Wittenoom. On the edge of
the Western Desert, Coolgardie was very different to the lush landscape Caterina had left
behind in the Seriana Valley. With no English, family or friends, and
within a year of the birth
of their second child, life proved very difficult. Her daughter, Emilia explained:
I think she mourned Italy… Her story is: she gets off the
boat at Fremantle with her four and half year old son who
doesn’t know his father… She thinks she has come to the
end of the earth; became pregnant with me. She had to
go to hospital to have me. So she thought there was
either something wrong with me or something wrong with
my baby because you don’t go to hospital unless there is
something wrong with you. But she got over that one… It
was a real grieving for her — the loss of Italy and her
family.
11
Once the Oprandis had saved enough to place a deposit on farming land in Bullsbrook, they
left Coolgardie.
For some Wittenoom Italians mining became a life-long occupation. Such was the
case for Umberto Favero. After Wittenoom’s closure, he had stayed on in Wittenoom with his
partner, Venera Uculano; both having been drawn by the beauty of the Pilbara region. The
establishment of iron ore mining in the Pilbara provided Umberto with work in the iron ore
mines of Paraburdoo and Tom Price until 1978. He then took up
employment with Hancock
and Wright as their site supervisor and exploration manager.
12
He supervised 80 workmen
9
Covelli et al, Op Cit. p. 128.
10
This change in attitude was not uncommon among Italian migrants who came to Australia. See
Baldassar (2001), Op Cit.
11
Interview with Francesco and Emilia Oprandi, Perth, October 2009.
12
From the eulogy delivered by Tad Watroba at the Requiem mass for Umberto Favero on 9 July
2011.
219
building roads and sampling for iron ore.
13
Venera, after a brief stint as a waitress at the
Fortescue Hotel, became personal assistant to the mining magnate, Lang Hancock. Umberto
and Venera were enthusiastic organizers of the many social functions which the remaining
Wittenoom residents enjoyed. In addition, Umberto became president and Venera secretary
of the Wittenoom Racing Club. They organized the Wittenoom Races until 1990, when
concern for the jockeys’ health due to asbestos exposure brought an end
to the popular
Wittenoom event (see figure 109).
Umberto remained with Hancock and Wright until his retirement in 2002, when he and
Venera returned permanently to Perth.
14
They were one of the two Italian families to stay
long after the 1966 closure of Wittenoom. The other, the Sterpini family, stayed until the early
1980s.
15
They operated as Mario Sterpini and Sons, running the town’s newsagency, selling
souvenirs and clothing and acting as subagents for a bank.
16
Among the Wittenoom Italians home ownership was a high priority, as it was,
generally, among Italian immigrants in Australia.
17
At least
half of Italian couples who
participated in this research had already purchased a home prior to their permanent
departure from Wittenoom. During the 1950s and 1960s, the cost of a home in Perth was
between £2,000 [$4,000] and £3,000 [$6,000]. Those who had saved a deposit would seek
to repay the loan in the shortest possible time, with some returning to Wittenoom to fast track
their mortgage payments. There are accounts among single men and Italian couples —
where, generally, the wife managed the savings — that they had saved sufficiently within
three years at Wittenoom, to have paid for a house in full. This was unheard of elsewhere in
Australia among Italians and other migrant groups or Australian-born, who, in general, took
longer to achieve home ownership.
18
13
Schmitt (1983), Living dangerously? Not a bit’, The West Australian, Monday 8 August, p. 9.
14
Interview with Umberto Favero, Perth, February 2009.
15
Mario Sterpini and his family (his son Fulvio was born in Wittenoom in 1954) had arrived in
Wittenoom as part of the International Refugee Organization resettlement. They were still there in
1980, as reported in an article by Swift, D., (1980), ‘Wild Weekend at Wittenoom’, The West
Australian, June 19, sec. News of the North.
16
Battye Library, Wittenoom articles: File PR 8679/Wit 12.
17
Miller (2011), Op Cit. p. 94. Castles, Op Cit. p. 351. Castles et al., Op Cit. pp. 48-9.
18
Castles et al., Op Cit. p. 49, “no less than 70 per cent of Italian households owned their own
dwellings outright in 1986, while a further 19 per cent were still paying off their housing loans…By
comparison 36 per cent of all overseas-born residents and 35 per cent Australian-born owned their