Sistemazione and death: the role of the Wittenoom asbestos mine in the lives and



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Conclusion 
As parents toiled to create a more secure future, the children were experiencing a sense of 
freedom and an idyllic lifestyle compared to life in Italy. It was a lifestyle, in part, made 
possible because they were living within the safety of the tightly-knit Wittenoom community. 
While not a perfect life, it gave the children a sense of living together in relative harmony. 
Their stories too, suggest a sense of normality: not only were they having fun, getting into 
trouble and learning about life, but their families were once more complete.


214 
Chapter 7 - Sistemazione: Post-Wittenoom 
Whatever their circumstances, the majority of Italians departed Wittenoom to achieve or 
consolidate their sistemazione in Western Australia or Italy. This chapter describes the 
various pathways taken by the Wittenoom Italians. It is informed by the stories of the 36 
research participants — eight of whom had returned to Italy, as well as the wife and the son 
of two repatriated workers who have never been to Australia. The stories of the repatriated 
Italians lack the detail of those who remained in Perth. Financial considerations meant I was 
only able to visit Italy once, whereas I made four visits to Perth. Wherever they settled, these 
Italians’ ethic of hard work and desire to achieve financial security proved to be the 
cornerstone for their eventual sistemazione. This was also borne out among the second 
generation children interviewed. At least a quarter of participants had purchased a home, 
farm or small business with their Wittenoom earnings by the time they had settled 
permanently in Perth. 
After Wittenoom, the desire for una sistemazione migliore [a better future] continued 
to shape the Wittenoom Italians’ work choices. Their achievement of sistemazione is evident 
in their entrepreneurial business endeavours, in farming and their work in construction, 
mining, timber felling, the railways, as well as their entry into white and blue collar 
occupations. Narratives revealed long hours of work, with second jobs and overtime 
providing savings which led to self-employment. Meanwhile in Italy, they worked in 
government positions and family businesses; developed artisanal skills, with some also 
becoming self-employed. Those convinced that opportunities were better in Australia then 
sponsored their family to join them. In Perth and Italy, men and women settled down and 
started families; married couples decided to have perhaps one or two more children. All 
continued to economize. Hard work and frugality provided the means for private school 
education for children; the purchase of investments; remittances to relatives in Italy; and 
visits home to Italy. Their children have also achieved sistemazione, building on the 
opportunities their parents provided. Several have pursued tertiary education with entry into a 


215 
variety of professions and white collar occupations. Others preferred blue collar jobs, with 
several acquiring a trade.
As they worked towards a more secure future, first generation Wittenoom Italians and 
their children have had to consider their identity and where they belong; questions prompted 
by Australians’ reluctance to accept Italian cultural traditions. Meanwhile in Italy, Italians who 
had never emigrated dismissed the necessity of returning Italian migrants’ to emigrate in the 
first place and their contribution to Italy’s economic recovery.
The importance of providing economic security for the family remained the focus 
throughout the working lives of the Wittenoom Italians. This still motivates them today as 
grandparents and great-grandparents.

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