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Chapter 7 - Sistemazione: Post-Wittenoom
Whatever their circumstances, the majority of Italians departed Wittenoom to achieve or
consolidate their
sistemazione in Western Australia or Italy. This chapter describes the
various pathways taken by the Wittenoom Italians. It is informed by the stories of the 36
research participants — eight of whom had returned
to Italy, as well as the wife and the son
of two repatriated workers who have never been to Australia. The stories of the repatriated
Italians lack the detail of those who remained in Perth. Financial considerations meant I was
only able to visit Italy once, whereas I made four visits to Perth. Wherever they settled, these
Italians’ ethic of hard work and desire to achieve financial security proved to be the
cornerstone
for their eventual sistemazione. This was also borne out among the second
generation children interviewed. At least a quarter of participants had purchased a home,
farm or small business with their Wittenoom earnings by the
time they had settled
permanently in Perth.
After Wittenoom, the desire for
una sistemazione migliore [a better future] continued
to shape the Wittenoom Italians’ work choices. Their achievement of
sistemazione is evident
in their entrepreneurial business endeavours, in farming and their work in construction,
mining, timber felling,
the railways, as well as their entry into white and blue collar
occupations. Narratives revealed long hours of work, with second jobs and overtime
providing savings which led to self-employment. Meanwhile in Italy, they worked in
government positions and family businesses; developed artisanal skills, with some also
becoming self-employed. Those convinced that opportunities were better in
Australia then
sponsored their family to join them. In Perth and Italy, men and women settled down and
started families; married couples decided to have perhaps one or two more children. All
continued to economize. Hard work and frugality provided the means for private school
education for children; the purchase of investments; remittances to relatives in Italy; and
visits home to Italy. Their children
have also achieved sistemazione, building on the
opportunities their parents provided. Several have pursued tertiary education with entry into a
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variety of professions and white collar occupations. Others preferred blue collar jobs, with
several acquiring a trade.
As they worked
towards a more secure future, first generation Wittenoom Italians and
their children have had to consider their identity and where they belong; questions prompted
by Australians’ reluctance to accept Italian cultural traditions. Meanwhile in Italy, Italians who
had never emigrated dismissed the necessity of returning Italian migrants’ to emigrate in the
first place and their contribution to Italy’s economic recovery.
The importance of providing economic security for the family remained
the focus
throughout the working lives of the Wittenoom Italians. This still motivates them today as
grandparents and great-grandparents.
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