Sirtqi bo’lim 2 kurs barcha yo’nalishlar uchun ingliz tili fanidan O’quv-uslubiy qo’llanma farg‘ona – 2022 «improve your english»

Speaking.
The Palace of Westminister.
Britain is administrated from the Palace of Westminster in London. This is also known as the House of Parliament, it is made up of two chambers (palatalar) – the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The members of the House of Lords are not elected. They quality to sit in the House because they are bishops of the Church of England. Aristocrats, people with the titles, they have inherited their seats from their fathers. There has been talk of reform this century. The seats are occupied by Members of Parliament (MPs), who are elected by the British public. The United Kingdom is divided into constituencies, (saylov okrugi) each of which is elected MP in the House of Commons.
Each of the major political parties appoints a representative (candidate) to complete for each seat. Smaller parties may have a candidate in only a few constituencies. Only one person, the candidate who gets the greatest member of votes – can take the seat. Some parties win a lot of seats and some win very few or none at all.
The queen, who is the head of State, opens and closes the Parliament. All new laws are debated by the MPs of the House of Commons, then debated in the House of Lords and finally are signed by the Queen.
The House of Commons.
There are 651 MPs in Britain, but the Chamber of the House of Commons is quite small. It has seats for only 437, when there is something important to discuss. It can become very crowded and MPs squeeze on to (tiqilib o’tirishadi) the benches or sit on the steps. The House of Commons has a chairman, called the Speker, whose job is to keep the House in order, a little like a referee at a football match.
He or she shouts «Order-Order», when MPs start shouting at each other or when discussion gets out of control. The Speaker sits in the centre at the back on a high chair and sees the whole Chamber from this position. The most important MPs sit on the front benches and are therefore called front benchers.
Younger and less experienced MPs sit on the back benches and are known as back benches. The ministers of the Government sit on the front bench to the right, whilst the Opposition front benchers sit on the left. When the Prime Minister makes a speech, he stands at the table in the centre below the Speaker’s chair. These seating arrangement have existed for hundreds of years.