SaqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro Sida qarTlis saero universiteti ciuri nozaZe, zurab TeTruaSvili, soso nozaZe kompiuteruli qselebi interneti kompiuteruli usafrTxoeba Tbilisi

qseluri usafrTxoebis reJimis darRvevis ZiriTadi saxeebi

daSorebuli administrirebis safrTxe. daSorebuli administrirebis qveS igulisxmeba daSorebuli kompiuteriT arasanqcirebuli marTva. daSorebuli administrireba iZleva sxvisi kompiuteris Tavisi marTvis qveS moqcevis saSuale-bas. igi iZleva masze arsebuli monacemebis modifi­cirebisa da aslis gadaRebis, nebismieri programebis, maT Soris saziano programebis dayenebis saSualebas, agreTve qselSi sxvisi kompiuteriT `misi saxeliT~ danaSaulebebrivi qmede-bebis Cadenis SesaZleblobas.

aqtiuri Semadgenlobis safrTxe. aqtiuri Semadgen-loba WebgverdSi CarTuli aqtiuri obieqtia. pasiuri Se-madgenlobasagan gansxvavebiT (teqstebi, naxatebi, audiokli-pebi da sxva), aqtiuri obieqtebi Tavis TavSi Seicaven ara marto monacemebs, aramd programul kodebsac. agresiuli programuli kodi, moxvdeba ra `msxverplis~ kompiuterze, SeuZlia moiqces rogorc kompiuteruli virusi an rogorc programa-agenti. ase magaliTad, mas SeuZlia ar gaanadguros monacemebi, magram SeuZlia imoqmedos daSorebul programeb-Tan erTad da imuSaos rogorc daSo­rebuli administri-rebis saSualebam.

transportirebis gzaze monacemebis daWerisa da Secvlis saSiSroeba. ekonomikaSi internetis gamoyenebisas mwvaved dgas monacemebis transportirebisas maTi xelSi Cagdebisa da Secvlis safrTxe. magaliTad, eleqtronuli sagadasaxado saSualebebiT angariSsworeba iTvaliswinebs myidvelis mier Tavisi baraTis konfide­ncialuri monaceme-bis gadagzavnas gamyidvelTan. Tu am monacemebs xelSi Caigdeben romelime Sualedur serverebze, ar aris imis garantia, rom mas ar gamoiyenebs damnaSave.

garda amisa, internetiT gadaicema failebi. am failebis Secvlam transportirebis gzaze SeiZleba migviy-vanos imasTan, rom nacvlad moTxovnili programisa klienti miiRebs mis analogs `gafarToebuli~ TvisebebiT.

pirad cxovrebaSi Carevis safrTxe. am safrTxes safuZvlad udevs sareklamo organizaciebis komerciuli interesebi. amJamad, internetis wliuri sareklamo biujeti Seadgens ramodenime aTeul miliard amerikul dolars. reklamidan Semosavlis gazrdis surviliT mravali kompaniebi qmnian WebkvanZebs ara imdenad imisaTvis, rom klientebs miawodon qselis samsaxurebi, aramed imisaTvis, rom Seagrovon personaluro monacemebi maTze. es monacemebi ganzogaddebian, klasificirdebian da miewodebaT sareklamo da marketingul samsaxuerbs. personaluri informaciis Segrovebis procesi avtomatizirebulia, praqtikulad ar moiTxovs araviTar danaxarjebs da saSualebas iZleva klientis daukiTxavad gamoiZios misi gemovneba, midre-kilebebi, interesis sferoebi da sxva..

miuRebeli Semadgenlobis dokumentis miRebis safrTxe. internetSi gamoqveynebuli yvela informacia ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos sazoga­doebrivad sasargeblod. arse-bobs moralur-eTikuri, religiuri, kulturuli da poli-tikuri xasiaTis mravali mizezebi, rodesac sazogadoebi-saTvis usiamovnoa mowodebuli informacia da surs misgan Tavis dacva.

msoflios mraval qveyanaSi interneti jer kidev ar iTvleba masiuri informaciis saSualebad. es dakavSirebu-lia imasTan, rom momwodebeli ar axdens mis gamravlebas da gavrcelebas, anu is ar asrulebs masiuri informaciis saSu-alebebis funqciebs. yovelive amas klienti TviTon akeTebs hipermimarTvebis gamoyenebis momentSi. amitom Cveulebriv, kanonebi masiuri informaciis saSualebebze, romlebic are-gulireben Tu ra SeiZleba gavrceldes da ra ara, in-ternetSi jer ar muSaobs.

rogorc Cans am sakiTxSi samarTlebrivi vakuumi TandaTanobiT amoifxvreba, magram, mraval adamians dRes Wirdeba miuRebeli Sinaarsis dokumentebis miwodebisagan dacvis saSualebebi. Cveulebrivad mowodebuli Semadgenlo-bis filtraciis funqciebs avaleben brauzerebs, an am mizniT specialurad dayenebul programebs.

daSorebuli administrirebisagan dacva. daSorebu-li administrire­bisagan efeqturad Tavis dasacavad auci-lebelia warmovidginoT is meTodebi, romliTac isini miiR-weva. aseTi meTodi oria. pirveli meTodi emyareba `msxverp-lis~ kompiuterebze im programis dayenebas (serveris ana-logi), romliTac SeuZlia damnaSaves Seqmnas daSorebuli SeerTeba im dros, rodesac `msxverpli~ internetSi imyo-feba. am mizniT gamoyenebul programebs `troinuls~ uwo-deben. TavianTi niSnebis mixedviT isini mniSvnelovanwilad mogvagoneben kompiuterul virusebs.

daSorebuli administrirebis meore meTodi emyareba im naklis gamoyenebas, romelic aqvs kavSirSi myofi partniorebis kompiuteruli sistemis programul uzrunvel-yofas. am meTodis mizania klientis programasTan urTier-Tobis farglebidan gasvla da operaciul sistemaze pirda-piri zemoqmedeba, rom misi saSualebiT miiRos sxva prog-ramebTan da monacemebTan SeRwevis saSualeba. programebs, romlebic iyeneben kompiuteruli sistemis Secdomebs eqsp-loitebs uwodeben.

troianuli programebisagan dacva. troianuli programebiT kompiuteris dasazianeblad saWiroa viRacam an raRacam gauSvas es programa am kompiuterze.

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  saWiroa SeizRudos ucxo piris daSveba qselur kompiu-terTan. SeRweva izRudeba Cveulebrivi administraci-uli meTodebiT (SeRwevis fizikuri SezRudva, paro-liT dacva da sxva).
  
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  ucxo kompiuterebze troianuli programebis dayenebis Cveulebrivi meTodia momxmarebelze fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba. principi martivia. Tu raime ar SeiZleba gavakeToT Cven TviTon, e.i. unda davarwmunoT momx-marebeli es TviTon gaakeTos. Zalian xSirad gamoiye-neba zianis matarebeli programebis dagzavna eleqtro-nuli fostis SetyobinebasTan erTad danarTis saxiT. Setyobinebis teqstSi miTiTebulia Tu ramdenad sasar-gebloa da xelsayrelia es programa.
  
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  arasdros ar gauSvaT is, rac modis eleqtronul fos-tasTan erTad, miuxedavad imisa Tu raa dawerili TandarTul SetyobinebaSi. es wesi vrceldeba axlob-lebis, megobrebis, nacnobebisagan miRebul baraTebzec. borotmzraxvelebs aqvT gamgzavnis misamarTis mimsgav-sebis saSualeba ise, rom maTi baraTi gamoiyurebodes, rogorc nacnobis baraTi. aris SemTxvevebi rodesac troianuli programebi vrceldeba cirkularuli bara-Tebis - `gamoiyene da gadaeci megobars~ - saxiT, es kidev safrTxis erTi wyaroa, romelic imaleba axlo megobrebisagan miRebul baraTebSi.
  
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  arasdros ar gaagzavnoT programebi eleqtronuli fos-tis danarTebis saxiT. Tu saWiroa kolegas gadasceT sasargeblo programa, umjobesia miuTiToT URL-misa-marTi, romelTac TviTon SeZlebs miiRos igi. TviToe-ul, namdvilad sasargeblo programas internetSi aqvs Tavisi wyaro. Tu programa qselSi araa warmodgenili, e.i. aravin ar iRebs pasuxismgeblobas mis muSaobaze.
  
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  eleqtronuli fostis garda borotmzraxvelebi troia-nul programebs kompaqt-diskebiTac avrceleben. prin-cipulad ar aris araviTari aucile­bloba SeviZinoT internetis programebi kompaqt-diskebze krebulis sa-xiT. TviTon internetSi aris mravali aTasi sasar-geblo programa, romlebic vrceldeba ufasod an pi-robiTad ufasod.
  
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  arasdros ar daayenoT qselis samsaxurebriv kompiute-rebze Seumowmebeli programuli uzrunvelyofa, rome-lic gavrcelebulia kompaqt-diskebze krebulis saxiT.
  

programuli uzrunvelyofis eqsploataciis Secdo-mebisagan dacva. safrTxis es saxe iSviaTadaa saSiSi klien-tisaTvis. programa-eqsploitebis Seteva safrTxes ZiriTadad serverebs uqmnis. borotmzraxvelebis strategia Cveuleb-rivad sam eteped xorcieldeba, pirvel etapze isini arkveven programebisa da mowyobilobebis Semadgenlobas `msxverp-lis~ lokalur qselSi. meore etepze ikvleven mocemul programebSi cnobil Secdomebs. mesame etapze amzadeben programa-eqsploitebs (an iyeneben viRacis mier momzadebul programebs) aRmoCenili Secdomebis eqsploataciisaTvis. borot mzraxvelebTan brZola SeiZleba moxdes yvela sam etapze.

upirvelesad, serverebis administracia akontro-lebs gare mimarTvebs, romelTa mizania serveris aparatul-programuli konfiguraciis gageba. es saSualebas iZleva damrRvevis aRricxvaze asayvanad manamde, sanam igi gana-xorcielebs realur Setevas. ufro sapasuxismgeblo SemTxvevebSi iyeneben gamoyofil kompiuters an programas, romelic asrulebs qselTaSoris ekranis (faris) funqcias. aseT saSualebebs brandmauerebs (Firewall) uwodeben. dasacavad brandmaierebs Sualeduri mdgomareoba ukaviaT kompiuterebsa da gare samyaros Soris. igi ar iZleva garedan serveris programuli uzrunvelyofis daTvalie-rebis saSualebas da ar atarebs arasanqcirebul monace-mebsa da brZanebebs.

garda amisa, serveris administraciam yuradRebiT unda adevnos Tvali iseTi Setyobinebebis publikaciebs qselSi, romlebic exeba mis mier gamo­yenebul programebSi aRmoCenil Secdomebs. Secdomebi dauyonebliv unda gamoas-woron maTze gamoqveynebuli cnobebis miRebisTanave. yve-laze metad saSiSia Secdemebis aRmoCenis da misi gamos-worebis Sua periodi. miiReben ra Setyobinebas arsebuli Secdomebis Sesaxeb, borotmzraxvelebi iwyeben im serverebis mizanmimarTul Zebnas, romelzec Secdomebi ar arian gamos-worebuli.

aqtiuri Semadgenlobis safrTxe. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, Webgverdebis SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediod-nen CarTuli obieqtebi. iseTi elementebi, rogoricaa sura-Tebi, videoklipebi da xmovani obieqtebi warmoadgenen pasiur elementebs. es monacemebi SeiZleba davaTvalieroT, gavaxmovanoT, SevasworoT, SevinaxoT da sxva. masze SeiZleba SevasruloT yvela is operaciebi rac sakuTari kompiuterebis monacemebze. magram, brauzeris da serveris SesaZleblobebis gafarToebis mizniT, Webgverdebis Semqmnelebis umetesoba maTSi aqtiur elementebsa da sce-narebs rTaven. rogorc erT ise meore SemTxvevaSi saubaria klientis mier miRebul Web gverdis SemadgenlobaSi prog-ramuli kodis arsebobaze.

aqtiuri obieqtebi pasiurisagan gansxvavdebian imiT, rom monacemebis garda Seicaven kidev programul kods, romelic muSaobs klientis kompiuterze. yvelaze zogad SemTxvevaSi servers SeuZlia mogvawodos nebismieri bunebis aqtiuri elementebi. amisaTvis man mxolod unda `daarw-munos~ momxmarebeli, rom man miiRos romeliRac prog-ramuli kodi, romelic afarToebs misi brauzeris SesaZleb-lobebs. Cven vgulisxmobT, rom momxmarebeli aranair momxibvlel winadadebaze ar daTanxmdeba, da maSin misTvis saSiS obieqtad da scenarebad rCebian mxolod java skriptebi, Active X elementebi, scenarebi JavaScript da VBScript. masTan samuSaod brauzeri ukve momarTulia.

aqtiuri Semadgenlobadan dacva. mxarem, romelic Tavs icavs aqtiuri elementebisagan, unda Seafasos Tavisi kompiuteris safrTxe da Sesabamisad gamarTos brauzeri ise, rom safrTxe iyos minimaluri. Tu araviTari mniSvnelovani monacemebi da komfidencialuri cnobebi ar inaxeba kompiu-terze SeiZleba amorToT dacva da daaTvalieroT Web gverdi im saxiT, rogorc mogawodaT Semqmnelma. Tu safrTxe arasasurvelia, maSin java apliotebi, Active X elementebi da aqtiuri scenarebi SeiZleba amorToT. kompromisuli variantia yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi moviTxovoT ama Tu im aqtiuri obieqtis miRebaze nebarTva. imis mixedviT Tu romel kvanZTanaa damyarebuli kavSiri (sandoa igi Tu ara) es sakiTxi yoveljerze sxvadasxvanairad wydeba.

programaSi Internet Exproler aqtiuri elementebisagan dacvis saSualebebis gamarTva sruldeba dialogur fanja-raSi `usafrTxoebis wesebi~, (_Internet Property_Securety_).

transportirebis gzebze monacemebis dacvis saSualebebi. komerciis SetaniT internetSi sul ufro xSirad warmoiqmneba distanciuri saqmiani molaparakebebis saWiroeba, qselSi programuli uzrunvelyofis SeZena, mowo-debuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fuladi angariSgebis warmoeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi transportirebis gzaze monaceme-bis dacvis moTxovnilebasTan erTdroulad warmoiqmneba partniorebis dadasturebis (identifikaciis) da monacemebis mTlianobis dadasturebis (autentifikaciis) moTxivnileba.

moviyvanT magaliTs Tu raSi SeiZleba gamoixatos dacvis uqonloba da monacemebis mTlianobis dadasturebis aucilebloba.

1. 
   erTmaneTisagan daSorebuli ori mewarme, romlebic erTmaneTTs arasdros ar Sexvedrian piradad sdeben xelSekrulebas erTobliv saqmianobaze. Tu ar iqneba miRebuli specialuri zomebi ramodenime xnis Semdeg nebismierma erTerTma mxarem SeiZleba ganacxados, rom man xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb araferi icis da Tu visTan hqonda molaparakeba meore partniors misTvis ucnobia.
   
2. 
   saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenis angariSsworeba internetiT Cveulebrivad sagadasaxado baraTiT xdeba. myidveli gamyidvels atyobinebs konfedencia-lur monacemebs Tavis sakredito baraTze da mas SeuZlia Camoweros angariSidan SeTanxmebuli Tanxa. im SemTxvevaSi Tu es monacemebi `gamoWerili~ iqneba erT-erT romelime Sualedur serverze, ucnob pirebs SeuZlia isargeblon sxvisi sakredito baraTiT, gada-ixados am baraTiT internetSi SekveTebi saqonelze an momsaxurebaze.
   
3. 
   miviReT, ra daSorebuli serveridan sasargeblo programa da davayeneT Cven kompiuterze, SegviZlia aRmovaCinoT rom igi Seicavs troianul kods, rome-lic SesaZleblobas aZlevs maT `iufroson~ Cvens kom-piuterze. programis avtorTan, romelmac mogvawoda igi pretenziebiT mimarTvisas SeiZleba movisminoT pasuxi, rom araferi amis msgavsi mas ar gauvrcelebia, xolo Tu sadRac transportirebis gzaze, viRacam Seitana programaSi arasanqcirebuli cvlilebebi, is amaze pasuxs ar agebs.
   

es mxolod sami magaliTia: sinamdvileSi, ekono-mikaSi da biznesSi eleqtronuli komerciis gaCenidan yoveldRiurad warmoiqmneba uamravi problemebi. dRiTi dRe maTi maTi ricxvi progresulad gaizrdeba. eleqtronul komerciaSi dRes icaven da autentificirebas ukeTeben monacemebs, agreTve identificirebas ukeTeben daSorebul partniorebs kriptografuli meTodebiT (Tu rogor xor-cieldeba es operaciebi, `eleqtronuli xermoweris reJimis teqnikuri da iuridiuli uzrunvelyofa~ da `eleqtronuli komerciis informaciuli teqnologiebi~ ar ganixileba am wignis farglebSi) .

pirad cxovrebaSi Carevisagan dacva. daSorebul kompiuterebze, garda aqtiuri zemoqmedebis saSualebisa arsebobs internetis monawileebis saqmianobaze pasiuri dakvirvebis saSualebebi. isini gamoiyenebian sareklamo-marketinguli samsaxuris mier.

nebismieri Webgverdis naxvisas TvalSi gvecema sareklamo gancxadebebi (maT banerebs uwodeben). maTi miRebisas brauzeri amyarebs kavSirs maT mflobelebTan (sareklamo sistemasTan) da Cvens SeumCnevlad registrir-deba am sistemaSi. Cven SeiZleba ar mivaqcioT yuradReba am reklamas da igi arsdros gamoviyenoT, magram gadavdivarT ra erTi Web gverdidan meoreze vqmniT Cvens fsiqologiu portrets (mas `profili~ ewodeba). monaxulebuli Webgver-debisa da WebkvenZebis xasiaTis mixedviT daSorebul samsaxurs SeuZlia gansazRvros sqesi, asaki, ganaTlebis done, saqmianobis saxe, interesebis sfero, keTildReobis done da agreTve daavadebis xasiaTi da saxec, romelic mas arasodes unaxavs. sakmarisia, Tundac erTxel daregistrir-deT sadRac Tqveni saxeliT da gvariT, da adre Seg-rovebuli abstraqtuli cnobebi iZlevian sruliad konkre-tul xasiaTs - amdagvarad internetis monawileebze iqmneba faruli personaluri monacemTa bazebi.

sxvadasxva adamianebze an erTi da igive adamianze sxvadasxva dros miRebuli monacemebis SedarebiT moTvalT-vale sistemebi iReben profils ara marto calkeul adamianze aramed jgufebze: ojaxebi, muSa jgufebi, sawar-moebi. miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon, rogorc legalurad aseve aralegalurad. magaliTad, aigivebs ra romelime pirs, rogorc samTo Txilamurebis moyvaruls, sareklamo sistema mas momdevno gasvlisas internetSi xSirad warudgens gancxadebas, romelic miekuTvneba am saxis sports da ara sxvas. es cnobebis legaluri gamo-yenebis magaliTia. magram aris aralegaluri gamoyenebis magaliTebic. klasificirebuli monacemTa bazebi saqonels warmoadgens: maT yiduloben da yidian, gadadian xelidan xelSi da xdeba sruliad sxvadasxva profilis organiza-ciebis saqmianobis safuZveli.

personaluri informaciis wyaroebi. ufro martiv da TvalsaCino wyaros internetis aqtiur klientebze cnobebis Sesagroveblad warmoadgens markeri-Cookie; romlis moqmedebis principsac aq ganvixilavT.

HTTP (Hyper Text Transler Protocol) protokolis Tanaxmad brauzers SeuZlia gaugzavnos servers moTxovna erTi Webresursis mowodebaze (HTML dokumentis) da amasTan ara-nairad ar warudginos Tavi servers. e.i. Tavis safuZvelSi, WWW samsaxuri anonimuria. (yovel SemTxvevaSi aseTi unda iyos). miuxedavad amisa, xandaxan mizanSewonilia brauzeri `warudges~ servers. es magaliTad sasargebloa internet maRaziebisaTvis. Tu wignebis eleqtronul maRaziaSi eko-nomikas miZRvnili ramodenime wigni momxmereblis `kalaTSi~ gadavdeT, xolo Semdeg gadavediT sxva Webgverdze, rome-lic iurisprudencias eZRvneba, ar iqneboda sasu­rveli, rom Cveni `kalaTa~ daikargos. anu axal gverdze Sesvlisas sa-surve­lia rom serverma dagvimaxsovros da gaagrZelos dawyebuli samuSao.

brauzeris serverze wardginebis mizanSewoniloba warmoiqmneba yovelTvis, rodesac klienti sargeblobs WebsamsaxuriT, romelic personalurad maszea momarTuli. ganWvrites ra es mizanSewoniloba, TiTqmis aTi wlis ukan, HTTP protokolis dammuSaveblebma gaiTvaliswines martivi da rogorc maSin maT eCvenebodaT, sruliad uwyinari meqanizmi brauzeris serverisaTvis warsadgenad e.w. marke-rebis cookie saSualebiT.

HTTPprotokolis Tanaxmad, servers SeuZlia gadasces brauzers monacemebis mcire paketi, romelSic daSifrulia serverisaTvis brauzeris identifikaciisa da masTan samuSaod momarTvisaTvis saWiro informacia. es paketi droebiT imaxsovreba kompiuteris operaciul mexsierebaSi da asrulebs serveris funqcias. Tu WWW-Si muSaobisas brauzeri kvlav mimarTavs igive WebkvanZs, maSin mimarTvisas igi warudgens adre miRebul markers, da serveri maSinve aRiTqvams romel klientTan aqvs saqme.

markerebi SeiZleba iyos droebiTi an mudmivi. droe-biTi markeri inaxeba operatiul mexsierebaSi sanam brauze-ri muSaobs. misi muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg serverisagan miRebuli yvela droebiTi markeri nadgurdeba. principSi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, iseTebSi rogoricaa internet-maRazi-ebis `stumroba~, SeiZleba SemovifargloT droebiTi marke-rebiT, raTa maRaziam `ar daiviwyos~ Tavisi klienti, rodesac is gadainacvlebs erTi ganyofilebidan meoreSi. magram serverebi, gaugebari mizezebis gamo amjobineben brauzers gaugzavnon ara droebiTi aramed mudmivi mar-kerebi. mudmivi markerebi sxvanairad muSavdebian. rodesac brauzeri amTavrebs muSaobas, operatiul mexsierebaSi dagrovili yvela mudmivi markeri gadaitaneba xist diskze Cookiefailebis saxiT. ase xdeba xisti diskis markireba da SeiZleba iTqvas ara marto xisti diskis, aramed saerTod klientis kompiuteris. momdevno gasvlisas internetSi, brau-zeris gaSvebis momentSi, xdeba dagrovili Cookie-markerebis wakiTxva operatiul mexsierebaSi, saidanac brauzeri warud-g
ens maT im serverebs, romlebmac isini mogvawodes.

sur 4. Cookie-markerebis daTvaliereba.

Cookie markerebi kompiuterebisaTvis fizikur safrT-xes ar uqmnian. es monacemebis failia, romlebic ar warmoadgenen programul kods da amitom usafrTxoa arasanqcirebuli moqmedebis TvalsazrisiT. magram isini warmoadgenen safrTxes pirad cxovrebaSi Carevis Tval-sazrisiT.

WWW-Si navigaciis dros Sekrebili Cookie mar-kerebi inaxebian papkaSi C:\Windows\Cookie. suraTze 4, gamoyofilia im Web-kvenZebis markerebi, romlebsac saerTod ar wvevian. es Web-kvenZebi Cookie markerebs iyeneben WWWs klientebze faruli dakvirvebisaTvis.

Cookiemerkerebis samarTlebrivi reJimi. klientze monacemebis arasanqcirebuli SekrebisaTvis Cookie-merkerebis gamoyenebis sul mcire, ori meqanizmi arsebobs. ufro TvalsaCinoa aralegaluri meqanizmi, dakavSirebuli imasTan, rom serverebs SeuZliaT waikiTxon ara marto is markerebi, romlebic TviTon mogvawoda aramed sxva serverebis markerebic. es meTodi brauzeriT unda daiblokos, magram istoriam icis mravali SemTxveva, rodesac programistebis Secdomis gamo, serverebs mainc hqondaT saSualeba mieRoT es monacemebi. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseTi Secdomebi amJamadac aris xmarebul brauzerebSi an TviT operaciul sistemaSi. am meTods vuwodeT aralegaluri, radganac Secdomebis da kompiuteruli sistemis `mtkivneuli~ adgilebis gamoyeneba samarTaldarRvevaa.

klientebze cnobebis Segrovebis meore meqanizmi Cookiemerkerebis safuZvelze sruliad legaluria da bolo dros farTod Sevida praqtikaSi. is damyarebulia imaze, rom romelime samsaxuri (magaliTad sareklamo) farTod avrcelebs sxvadasxva Tematikuri mimarTulebis Web kvan-Zebis did raodenobaze Tavis grafikul obieqtebs, maga-liTad sareklamo banerebs. WebkvanZis damTvaliereblebi sareklamo banerebTan erTad iReben maTTan mibmul Cookiemerkerebs. sabolood miiReba, rom samsaxurebi, romlebisTvisac klients arasodes ar miumarTavs moniSnaven maT kompiuters Tavisi merkerebiT, romlis mixedviTac, SemdgomSi zustad SeiZleba aRadginos internetis Web gverdebze klientis moZraobis suraTi. amas akeTeben ara marto sareklamo kompaniebi, aramed kompaniebic, romlebic gvTavazoben sxva samsaxurebsac, magaliTad Tavisi damkve-Tebis Webgverdebis mnaxvelebis mTvlelebis dayeneba.

Cookiemerkerebis gamoyenebis praqtika internetis momxmareblebze cnobebis Sesakrebad, amJamad samarTal-mcodne specialistebis daJinebuli yuradRebis qveSaa. masSi eWvs iwvevs monacemebis Sekrebis dafarvis faqti. momx-mareblis winaaRmdegobas am faqtze ZiriTad warmoadgens brauzeris im funqciebis amorTvis saSualeba, romlebic dakavSirebulia markerebis mowodebasTan. magram, aqac aris iuridiuli Seusabamoba. saqme imaSia, rom internetiT sar-gebloben arasrulwlovani pirebi. arasrulwlovani pire-bisagan miRebuli cnobebis samarTlebrivi reJimi saeWvoa. amJamad, mTel rig qveynebSi muSavdeba SezRudvebi markere-bis gamoyenebaze imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom servers unda hqondes klientis samarTlebrivi statusis identifikaciis obieqturi saSualebebi, sanam mis kompiuterze ganaTavsebs markerebs. igulisxmeba, rom man unda gasces aucilebeli gafrTxilebebi da im SemTxvevaSi Tu misi momsaxurebiT sargebloben arasrulwlobani pirebi, Tavi Seikavon mar-kerebis, rogorc dayenebisagan aseve adre dayenebuli mar-kerebis wakiTxvisagan. aseTi midgoma uTuod xels Seuwyobda klientebis Sesaxeb informaciis faruli Segrovebis Sewyvetas.

personaluri informaciis sxva wyaroebi. Cookie merkerebis garda qselis klientebze cnobebis Segrovebis wyaros warmoadgens brauzeris mier legalurad mowodebu-li informacia. HTTP protokoliT kavSiris dros brauzeri atyobinebs Tavis dasaxelebas, versiis nomers, kompiuteri-klientis operaciuli sistemis tips da im Webgverdis URLmisamarTs, romelsac klientma mimarTa bolos.

amas garda, serverebs gaaCniaT meTodebi, romlebic saSualebas iZlevian zogierT SemTxvevaSi miiRos klientis eleqtronuli fostis misamarTi, Tumca es meTodebi aralegalurad gamoiyenebian da amitom maTi samarTlebrivi reJimi saeWvoa.

personaluri informaciis kidev erT wyaros war-moadgens egreT wodebuli aqtiuri scenarebi - Japa Script (Japa skriptebi). maTTan dakavSirebuli dacvis sistemis naklis ganxilva scildeba am wignis farglebs).

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