|
informaciuli usafrTxoeba
informaciuli usafrTxoebis aucilebloba gamomdinareobs TviT qselis samsaxurebis, servisebis da momsaxurebis bunebidan. rogorc ukve vTqviT, nebismieri qseluri samsaxuris safuZvels Seadgens programebis wyvi-li: serveri da klienti, romlebic muSaoben erToblivad dadgenili wesis mixedviT. es wesebi dadgenilia qseluri samsaxurebis protokolebSi. rogorc serveris, ise klientis programebs, romlebic axorcieleben qselis protokolebs gaaCniaT nebadarTuli operaciebis Sesrulebis aucilebeli saSualebebi. operaciebi, romlebic scildebian protoko-liT dadgenili operaciebis farglebs, iTvlebian ara usafrTxod. amasTan erTad, Tu ki isini sruldebian une-barTvod, mimdinare mxaresTan SeuTanxmeblad, iTvlebian akrZalulad da qmnian administraciuli samarTaldarRveve-bis an sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Semadgenlobas.
protokolebi - samuSao standartebia. axali protokolebi iSviaTad iqmnebian, xolo Zvelebi moqmedeben Zalian didxans, aTobiT wlebiT. am drois ganmavlobaSi informaciuli teqnologiebi uswreben maT da warmoiSoba SeuTavsebloba imas Soris, rac teqnikuradaa SesaZlebeli Sesruldes qselSi da rac nebedarTulia moZvelebuli protokolebiT. iswrafian ra, gaaumjobeson serveris da klientis programebs Soris urTierTqmedeba, programistebi ganuwyvetliv muSaoben maTi SesaZleblobebis gafarToebaze. aq warmoiqmneba winaaRmdegoba survilsa da SesaZlebels Soris. ase magaliTad, imisaTvis, rom Web gverdebi yoveldRiurad xdebodnen ufro mimzidvelni, programistebs SeuZliaT SemogvTavazon axali, saintereso meTodebi da xerxebi, magram SesZlebs programa brauzeri Seasrulos maTi mcdelobebi - rTuli sakiTxia. rCeba ra mxolod protokoliT nebadarTul mkacr CarCoebSi, Web serveri uunaroa iTamaSos klientTan `krestiki-noliki~-c ki. amitom, rom gaafarTovos serversa da brauzers Soris urTierTqmedebis areali, serveris mflobelma raRacnairad unda `daarwmunos~ anda sxva wesiT `mourigdes~ klients gaafarTovos Tavisi brauzeris SesaZleblobebi, rasTanac xSirad gvaqvs saqme. swored am dros warmoiqmneba qselis usafrTxoebis saSiSroeba. klientis programebis SesaZleb-lobebis nebismieri gafarToeba iwvevs standartuli pro-tokolidan garkveul gadaxvevas, ramac SeiZleba Seqmnas garkveuli saSiSroeba.
ase magaliTad, davayeneT ra brauzeris gafarToe-buli saSualebebi, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs viTamaSoT `krestiki-noliki~ serveris TxovniT, saboloo jamSi, SeiZ-leba miviRoT agenti, romelic serveris marTviT daiwyebs `ufrosobas~ klientis operaciul sistamaSi. ra Tqma unda aq `krestiki-noliki~ pirobiTi magaliTia. sinamdvileSi serverebi brauzerebis mraval sxvadasxva gafarToebebsa da damatebebs gvTavazoben, romlebic aCqareben Webgverdebis CatvirTvas, qselSi informaciis Zebnis gamartivebas, da a.S. ra Tqma unda Sorsa varT im azrisagan rom, yvela axali teqnologiebi klientis an serveris sazianodaa mimarTuli. es magaliTi mogvyavs mxolod imis gasagebad, rom qseluri usafrTxoebis sakiTxi faqiz balansSia imas Soris Tu risi ufleba gvinda mivceT Cvens Tavs qselSi da ra dagvijdeba es usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT. zogadi principi aseTia: rac ufro rTulia sistama miT met SesaZleblobebs iZleva da miT ufro rTulia masSi usafrTxoebis saTanado donis kontrolis uzrunvelyofa. aq yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT sityvebze `usafrTxoebis saTanado doneze~ vinaidan sxvadasxva kompiuterebisaTvis igi sxvadasxvaa. unda avRniS-noT, rom standartuli qseluri saSualebebi, romlebic dgeba Windows-is operaciul sistemasTan erTad, ar uzrun-velyofen usafrTxoebis aranair dones, amitom saubari raime saTanado donis usafrTxoebaze masTan mimarTebaSi sruliad usafuZvloa. am saSualebebis gamoyeneba moxerxebu-lia saswavlo an sayofacxovrebo doneze magram, roca saqme exeba samsaxuris kompiuterebis korporaciul dakavSirebas internetTan, aucilebelia specialuri zomebis miReba: an unda vuzrunvelyoT mierTebuli kompiuteris `steriluri sisufTave~ nebismieri saxis samosamsaxuro monacemebisagan, an gamoviyenoT sxva operaciuli sistemebi, iseTebi rogo-ricaa UNIX, Linux da a.S.
`saTanado~ donis usafrTxoebis cneba. usafrTxo-ebis done, romelsac unda uzrunvelyofdes konkretuli kompiuteri, damokidebulia kompiuteris daniSnulebaze. ro-desac saubaria saswavlo an sacnobaro kompiuterze, maSin mis usafrTxoebaze zrunva SeiZleba daviyvanoT kompiuteru-li virusebisa da sxva saxifaTo programebisagan regu-larulad dacvis momsaxurebaze. kompiuterebisaTvis, rom-lebzec inaxeba konfedencialuri monacemebi, daculi unda iqnas usafrTxoebis sakmarisi done. konfidencialur monacemebs miekuTvneba ara mxolid saidumlo cnobebi, romlebsac aqvT saxelmwifo saidumlos xasiaTi, aramed Cveulebrivi personaluri monacemebic. magaliTad, adamiane-bis misamarTebi, maTi piradi aRricxvis monacemebi - sapasporto, samedicino, ganaTlebis da sxva, Tu sawarmoSi arian specialistebi, romlebic dakavebuli arian qseluri usafrTxoebis sakiTxebiT, maT SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon kon-fidencialuri monacemebis usafrTxo Senaxva qselTan mierTebul kompiuterze, magram es metad ZviradRirebuli da rTuli RonisZiebaa. Tu sawarmoSi an organizaciaSi aseTi specialistebi ar arian, maSin ar unda miuerToT is kompiuteri qsels, romelzec konfedencialuri monacemebi inaxeba.
magaliTisaTvis ganvixiloT universitetis tipis saswavlo dawesebuleba. misi kompiuterebi ganlagebulia laboratoriebSi, biblioTekaSi da administraciul ganyofi-lebebSi. Tu internetTan kavSiri saswavlo laboratoriis kompiuterebs aqvT, maSin maTze ar unda iyos aranairi konfidencialuri monacemebi: arc moswavleebis misamarTebi, arc cnobebi moswavleebze, arc moswrebis Sesaxeb cnobebi. meores mxriv, msgavsi cnobebi SeiZleba iyos administraci-uli ganyofilebebis kompiuterebze, maSasadame, am kompiu-terebis mierTeba internetTan specialuri damcavis saSua-lebebis gareSe dauSvebelia. igive exeba nebismier saxelmwi-fo Tu administraciul dawesebulebebs, romlebSic inaxeba samsaxurebrivi monacemebi an personaluri aRricxvis mona-cemebi. qselTan samuSaod unda gamoiyos konfedencialuri monacemebisagan sterilurad sufTa gansakuTrebuli kom-piuteri.
saxelmwifo sawarmoebSi da komerciul struq-turebSi, usafrTxoebis reJimis uzrunvelyofaze muSaoben specialurad momzadebuli adamianebi - sistemis administra-torebi. maT amocanaSi Sedis qselis regularuli moni-toringi usafrTxoebis reJimis darRvevis meTodebze cno-bebis Sesagroveblad, dacvis gamocdili programuli da aparaturuli saSualebebis dayeneba, kontroli imaze, Tu ra programebs ayeneben da rogor moixmareben maT. komerciuli organizaciebis administracia individualurad udgeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu misTvis raa sasargeblo: daiqi-ravos maRalanazRaurebadi specialisti monacemebis dasa-cavad da daayenos iafi mowyobiloba Tu gamoyos qselSi samuSaod iafi kompiuterebi, romlebzec ar inaxeba aranairi konfidencialuri monacemebi da romlis usafrTxoebac SeiZleba Tamamad ugulebelyofili iqnas.
reJimul sawarmoebSi ama Tu im kompiuteris qselTan mierTebis sakiTxi TviToeuli samuSao adgilisaT-vis individualurad wydeba. ra Tqma unda, aq saubari ar SeiZleba iyos iseTi tipis standartuli qseluri saSuale-bebis gamoyenebaze, romlebic Sedian Windows sistemis Semad-genelobaSi. maTi funqcionirebis usafrTxoebis miRweva bev-rad ufro Zviri Rirs (Tu saerTod SesaZlebelia) vidre specialuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba, romlebmac informaci-is dacvis sferoSi gaiares sertificireba specialistebTan.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
