Samarkand state institute of foreign languages the faculty of english philology and translation studies the chair of translation theory and practice

1.2 Idiosyncrasies of interpretation of official documents. The dictionary of the standard archives comprises of common words and awesome numerous of the uncommon terms, which cannot be found out within the conventional lexicon. One portion of common words is known for the student from school or other unique course of the English language. There are a few quirks of interpretation of a few standard reports. Regardless the appearing effortlessness the interpretation of birth certificate or marriage certificate is no such a straightforward errand. As well numerous extraordinary terms (names of teach, positions), which cannot be found out within the standard word reference, are utilized in these reports. That’s why as it were the interpreter with wide encounter of interpretation of such records can decipher them. The enormous issue is that a few standard archives must be apostilied or have public accountant certification what can be done as it were on the off chance that the interpretation is done by the proficient interpreter.
Words, which on the first stage of tutoring usually are not studied. E. g. to regard - рассматривать, считать.
Words used in meanings, distinct from what pupils have acquired in original course.
Here it is necessary to refer a great many of auxiliary words, not studied before, "on account of" - из-за, “due to “ - благодаря.
Words and word-combinations providing logical connections between separate parts of the text and providing the logic of an account.
E. g. to begin with - прежде всего
Furthermore - кроме того
Summing up - говоря вкратце
Differences in British English and American English
company – corporation
programme - program
Translation is a means of interlingual communication. The translator makes possible an exchange of information between the users of different languages by producing in the target language (TL or the translating language) a text which has an identical communicative value with the source (or original) text (ST). This target text (TT that is the translation) is not fully identical with ST as to its form or content due to the limitations imposed by the formal and semantic differences between the source language (SL) and TL. Nevertheless, the users of TT identify it, to all intents and purposes, with ST - functionally, structurally and semantically [12, 119].
Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production, in another language, of an equivalent text that communicates the same message. Translation must take into account a number of constraints, including context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, their idioms and the like.
Though the basic characteristics of translation can be observed in all translation events, different types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominant communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process. Thus, we can distinguish between literary and informative translation, on the one hand, and between written and oral translation (or interpretation), on the other hand.
Literary translation deals with literary texts, i. e. works of fiction or poetry whose main function is to make an emotional or aesthetic impression upon the reader. Their communicative value depends, first and foremost, on their artistic quality and the translator's primary task is to reproduce this quality in translation.
Translation of scientific and technical materials has a most important role to play in our age of the revolutionary technical progress. There is hardly a translator or an interpreter today who has not to deal with technical matters. Even the "purely" literary translator often comes across highly technical stuff in works of fiction or even in poetry. An in-depth theoretical study of the specific features of technical translation is an urgent task of translation linguistics while training of technical translators is a major practical problem [3, 250].
In technical translation the main goal is to identify the situation described in the original. The predominance of the referential function is a great challenge to the translator who must have a good command of the technical terms and a sufficient understanding of the subject matter to be able to give an adequate description of the situation even if this is not fully achieved in the original. The technical translator is also expected to observe the stylistic requirements of scientific and technical materials to make text acceptable to the specialist.
Informative translation is rendering into the target language non-literary texts, the main purpose of which is to convey a certain number of ideas, to inform the reader. However, if the source text is of some length, its translation can be listed as literary or informative only as an approximation. A literary text may, in fact, include some parts of purely informative character. Contrariwise, informative translation may comprise some elements aimed at achieving an aesthetic effect. Within each group further gradations can be made to bring out more specific problems in literary or informative translation.
A number of subdivisions can be also suggested for informative translations, though the principles of classification here are somewhat different. Here we may single out translations of scientific and technical texts, of newspaper materials, of official papers and some other types of texts such as public speeches, political and propaganda materials, advertisements, etc., which are, so to speak, intermediate, in that there is a certain balance between the expressive and referential functions, between reasoning and emotional appeal.
The translation of official documents is a subfield of specialized legal translation. It requires absolute precision and the exclusive use of professional terms approved by the relevant official bodies.
Defining the specificity of technical translation, special translation theory (if we talk about translation of official documents) studies three types of factors which must be taken into account while describing translations of certain type. First of all, the particular functional style of a source document itself can influence the type of translation process and require from technical translator use of special methods and ways. Secondly, such source orientation can predetermine stylistic characteristics of the translation text and, thus, necessity for choice of such means of language that characterize the same functional style in the target language during technical translation. And, finally, interaction of these two factors can result in appearance of translation peculiarities themselves which are connected both with common features and differences between linguistic signs of the same functional styles of source and target languages and with special conditions and tasks of technical translation from different languages.
Within each functional style we can distinguish some linguistic features which influence on the process and the result of translation is rather significant. For instance, in scientific-technical style, during technical translation these features are lexico-grammatical peculiarities of scientific-technical materials and, first of all, it is the leading role of terminology and special vocabulary.
Translation of technical texts, including official documents, is one of the most demanded services in the translation sphere. It’s connected with modern technical development and necessity of constant ensuring such development.
Peculiar features of the style of official documents (it is also applicable to technical interpretation) are its substantiveness, logicality (strict consistency, clear connection between main idea and details), accuracy and objectivity and subsequent lucidity and clarity. All texts of this type tend to use the language means that contribute to satisfaction of needs of this communication sphere.
On the vocabulary level translation of official documents, first of all, implies use of special terminology. Terms must provide clear and accurate definition of real objects and phenomena; establish unambiguous comprehension of transmitted information by specialists. Uppermost, in translation the term must be precise, i.e. it must have strictly determined meaning which can be developed by means of logical definition that removes the place of defined concept in the paradigm of this certain field. For the same reason the term must be monosemantic and, in this regard, context-independent. In other words, it must have its own precise meaning which is determined by its definition in all its occurrences in any text, thus, person who uses the term doesn’t have to clarify its meaning in different contexts [5,118].
Term precision is directly connected with the demand that every notion should have only one corresponding term, i.e. not to have synonymic terms with corresponding meanings. A term should be the part of strict logical system. Terms meanings and their definitions should conform to the rules of logical classification which clearly distinguishes between objects and notions and doesn’t allow ambiguity or contradictoriness. Besides, any term must have strictly objective definition with no secondary meaning which detracts specialist’s attention adding the element of subjectivity. Official documents are written in a formal, “cold” or matter-of-fact style of speech. The style of official documents or ‘officialese’ as it is sometimes called, is not homogeneous.