On Mathematics Education Research in Russia
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and, spatial imagination, in particular. Discussing the importance of
developing these features, he relies on a large body of psychological
and methodological studies, which have demonstrated on the one hand
the importance of developing an informal, intuitive understanding
of geometry, and on the other hand the fundamental physiological
origins of the difference between image-oriented and algorithmic–
logical thinking. He notes that when the formation and development
of the spatial imagination is ineffective, this is due mainly to an
imbalance between theory and practice in the teaching of geometry
(specifically, insufficient attention to problem solving). On the basis
of this and a number of other approaches, he analyzes the manner
in which the spatial imagination develops in actual practice in basic
school; he also elaborates a conception of how the spatial imagination
develops within a framework of differentiated mathematics education.
Considering such development as a unified and continuous theme
of the school course in mathematics, Pardala formulates a variety of
methodological recommendations, including a typology of, and a set of
general principles for, problems aimed at facilitating such development.
The work of Lipatnikova (2005) is also concerned with the prob-
lems of developmental education. This author highlights the role of
the reflexive approach, in which “students investigate, interpret, and
reinterpret information, transforming it by independently choosing
microgoals” (p. 16). More concretely, she studies the application of the
reflexive approach to the use of oral exercises. She identifies the various
functions that such exercises have in the learning process and proposes
a model of the reflexive approach that employs such exercises (to use
her own terminology). This model includes such stages as solving
exercises using an already-known technique, criticizing a technique
used earlier, and constructing a new technique. Lipatnikova is the
author of numerous collections of oral exercises for grades 1–6.
Malikov (2005), whose work is based on material from Kazakhstan,
sets for himself the ambitious goal of “developing a theoretical model
of and practical recommendations for defining the relation between
intuition and logic in mathematics education, with a view to facilitating
an increase in the effectiveness of education” (p. 5). The author’s
theoretical investigation as well as his practical observations led him
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to conclude that the role of the intuitive must be augmented, while
increasing logical rigor negatively affects students’ involvement in
learning. For example, he cites the results of an analysis of actual school
practices, which indicate that even with imprecise mathematical defi-
nitions students form accurate conceptions thanks to their intuition.
At the same time, he recommends increasing the quantity of learning
material not “by omitting ‘intermediary stages,’ but by accelerating its
presentation” (p. 31), particularly by making use of historical material.
The goal of Egorchenko’s (2003) study is “to develop a concep-
tion of how students form and develop notions of the essence of
mathematical abstractions” (p. 8). The researcher characterizes the
body of problem situations and material that facilitate the formation
of such notions as “methodological reality” and describes it by using
such concepts as teaching goals, interconnections with teaching prac-
tice, and modeling. Consequently, Egorchenko devotes considerable
attention to the applied aspects of mathematics education and to
modeling.
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