Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
must prepare a so-called author’s summary of 40,000 characters for
a Candidate’s degree and 80,000 characters for a Doctor’s, containing
a brief description of the work that they have done. This text is not
considered an official publication; nevertheless, 100 copies of it are
published and sent to all of the major scientific centers and libraries in
the country.
The authors’ summaries of doctoral dissertations in category
13.00.02 (mathematics) constitute the basic material that will be
analyzed in this chapter. We have at our disposal 92 authors’ summaries
of doctoral dissertations defended since 1990, which we have located in
the St. Petersburg libraries that are accessible to us (first and foremost,
the National Library of Russia). Evidently, not all authors’ summaries
have been submitted to libraries in St. Petersburg, and not all have
been preserved there. Nonetheless, we clearly have most authors’
summaries at our disposal (note that databases such as ProQuest Digital
Dissertations do not exist in Russia). In addition, we will discuss certain
scholarly books on mathematics education, including collections of
articles. About Russian Candidates’ dissertations, we will say only a few
words to convey an idea of what such studies require, what directions
they take, and what specific characteristics they share. Most of this
chapter, therefore, will be a kind of catalog of the works with brief
descriptions of their content. Again, certain omissions and gaps are
inevitable. At the same time, we hope that this format will allow readers
to identify the works that interest them while giving us material for a
concluding general analysis.
In discussing Russian research in mathematics education and dis-
sertation studies in this area, one cannot avoid asking the following
question: What exactly should be considered “Russian”? The republics
that once formed the USSR have become independent; nonetheless,
the “separation” of the various systems for awarding academic degrees
was by no means immediate and indeed is still not complete at
present. Moreover, researchers from other countries in the Eastern
Bloc (for example, Poland) frequently came to the Soviet Union, and
have subsequently continued to come to Russia, in order to defend
doctoral dissertations. Such studies may or may not be considered as
belonging to Russian science — a case can be made for both views. In
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this chapter, all dissertations defended in Russian before dissertation
councils operating on the territory of the former USSR in accordance
with the standards of the Russian Higher Attestation Commission (and
submitting authors’ summaries to Russian libraries) are considered as
Russian studies. We deliberately specify, however, that a dissertation is
based on material from another country or has been defended outside
Russia when this is the case.
Another circumstance that must be taken into account is that along
with dissertation defenses based on the submitted text of an extended
dissertation, there exist what are known as “report-based defenses.”
This much more rarely employed format is used when the degree-
seeker is the author of many published works, which themselves are the
texts to be defended. The degree-seeker may obtain the right, in place
of submitting a separate dissertation, to prepare only a comparatively
short “report,” which includes the usual parts of a dissertation, such
as a “need of the study” section. This format is fairly rare, and we will
generally not specify the particular manner in which a dissertation was
defended.
Below, we arrange texts according to several basic themes. Naturally,
any such division and grouping of diverse texts into separate categories
must be somewhat artificial. The same text may be included in several
different categories. Nonetheless, in our view, such a division helps
to reveal the multiformity of topics in Russian mathematics education
studies.
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