3.1
Mathematics Circles in Grades 5–6
We will draw on Sheinina and Solovieva’s manual (2005) to provide a
rough description of the work of such a mathematics circle. It contains
material for 30 sessions (1.5–2 hours each) and, as the authors remark
in their annotation:
…it was written with the aim of helping the teacher of a school
mathematics circle to conduct systematic sessions (at least two per
month) [whose purpose is] to interest the students, supplementing
educational material with facts about mathematics and mathemati-
cians, to improve students’ mental arithmetic skills, to develop their
basic mathematical and logical reasoning skills, to expand their
horizons, and above all to awaken their interest in studying one of
the basic sciences [namely, mathematics].
As an example, consider one mathematics circle session outlined in
the book (No. 14). The session consists of several sections, material for
which is provided. At first, students are given various puzzles, among
which, for example, is the following problem:
Express the number 1000 by linking 13 fives in arithmetic operations
(for example, 5
· 5 · 5 · 5 + 5 · 5 · 5 + 5 · 5 · 5 + 5 · 5 · 5).
Next come several “fun questions”:
• Five apples must be divided among five children so that one apple
remains in the basket.
• Two fathers and two sons shot three rabbits, one each. How is
this possible?
• How many eggs can be eaten on an empty stomach?
(The answers are, respectively, that one child must be given the basket
with one of the apples inside it; that the rabbits were shot by a
grandfather, a father, and a son; and that only one egg can be eaten on
an empty stomach.)
Next, the students are given a brief biography of Newton. This
is followed by a section called “Solving Olympiad problems.” Here,
students are asked to use trial and error to find the solutions to the
equation 2y
= y
2
, to solve a rather long word problem, and to say
whether a boy has 7 identical coins if he has a total of 25 coins in
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denominations of 1, 5, 10, and 50 kopecks. The session concludes
with a poetry page: the students read a poem about the Pythagorean
theorem, and so on.
The methodology of conducting a mathematics circle session is not
discussed in the manual, but it may be assumed that, for example,
the biographical vignette is presented by the teacher or by a specially
prepared student. The poetry page is likely approached in a similar
fashion.
The examples given above show that the work of a mathematics
circle can hardly be characterized as intensively mathematical: what
we see, rather, is work focused on the students’ general development.
Nonetheless, mathematics circles play an obvious role in instilling
in students a positive attitude toward problem solving and studying
mathematics in general.
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